{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T03:10:19Z","timestamp":1782789019598,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690416000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K76 AG079040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K76 AG079040"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>High\u2010resolution esophageal manometry (HRM) is the gold standard for the diagnosis of esophageal motility disorders. HRM is typically performed in the office with local anesthesia only, and many patients find it unpleasant and painful. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of the use of a virtual reality (VR) headset on pain and anxiety outcomes in patients with dysphagia undergoing HRM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with dysphagia were prospectively recruited and randomized to undergo HRM with and without VR distraction. Data collected included the State\u2010Trait Anxiety Inventory\u20106 (STAI\u20106), the Short\u2010Form McGill Pain Questionnaire, heart rate, and galvanic skin response (GSR) tracings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty subjects completed the study, including 20 subjects in the intervention arm and 20 in the control arm. There was evidence of a significant positive effect of VR on calmness (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0095) STAI\u20106 rating, as well as on physiologic measures of pain with significantly decreased GSR rise time (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0137) and average rate of change of conductance change (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0035).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The use of VR during HRM catheter insertion increased calmness compared to control. Change of skin conductance was also reduced in the VR group, suggesting decreased physiologic pain. This study supports the consideration of the use of VR as a distraction tool to improve patient comfort during HRM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>2 <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 134:1118\u20131126, 2024<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.30914","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T11:55:36Z","timestamp":1690458936000},"page":"1118-1126","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Virtual Reality for Pain Management During High\u2010Resolution Manometry: A Randomized Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"134","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2686-3985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilan","family":"Palte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery Sean Parker Institute for the Voice, Weill Cornell Medical 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