{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T01:14:12Z","timestamp":1769044452280,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]],"date-time":"2023-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RO1 DC011300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1 DC011300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite gross anatomic and histologic differences between human and canine vocal folds, similar wave patterns have been described yet not fully characterized. We reconstructed vocal fold (VF) vibration in a canine hemilarynx and performed histologic examination of the same vocal fold. We demonstrate comparable wave patterns while exploring the importance of certain anatomic architectures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>An <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> canine hemilarynx was phonated against a glass prism at low and high muscle activation conditions. Vibration was captured using high\u2010speed video, and trajectories of VF medial surface tattooed landmarks were 3D\u2010reconstructed. The method of empirical eigenfunctions was used to capture the essential dynamics of vibratory movement. Histologic examination of the hemilarynx was performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Oscillation patterns were highly similar between the <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> canine and previous reports of <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic> human models. The two most dominant eigenfunctions comprised over 90% of total variance of movement, representing opening\/closing and convergent\/divergent movement patterns, respectively. We demonstrate a vertical phase difference during the glottal cycle. The time delay between the inferior and superior VF was greater during opening than closing for both activation conditions. Histological examination of canine VF showed not only a thicker lamina propria layer superiorly but also a distinct pattern of thyroarytenoid muscle fibers and fascicles as described in human studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Histologic and vibratory examination of the canine vocal fold demonstrated human vocal fold vibratory patterns despite certain microstructural differences. This study suggests that the multilayered lamina propria may not be fundamental to vibratory patterns necessary for human\u2010like voice production.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>NA (Basic science study) <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 134:264\u2013271, 2024<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.30928","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]],"date-time":"2023-07-31T11:31:10Z","timestamp":1690803070000},"page":"264-271","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Histologic Examination of Vocal Fold Mucosal Wave and Vibration"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"134","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0854-1771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hye Rhyn","family":"Chung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine University of California  Los Angeles California 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