{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T11:20:19Z","timestamp":1777288819387,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Digital endoscopes are connected to a video processor that applies various operations to process the image. One of those operations is edge enhancement that sharpens the image. The purpose of this study was to (1) quantify the level of edge enhancement, (2) measure the effect on sharpness and image noise, and (3) study the influence of edge enhancement on image quality perceived by ENT professionals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three digital flexible endoscopic systems were included. The level of edge enhancement and the influence on sharpness and noise were measured in vitro, while systematically varying the levels of edge enhancement. In vivo images were captured at identical levels of one healthy larynx. Each series of in vivo images was presented to 39 ENT professionals according to a forced pairwise comparison test, to select the image with the best image quality for diagnostic purposes. The numbers of votes were converted to a psychometric scale of just noticeable differences (JND) according to the Thurstone V model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The maximum level of edge enhancement varied per endoscopic system and ranged from 0.8 to 1.2. Edge enhancement increased sharpness and noise. Images with edge enhancement were unanimously preferred to images without edge enhancement. The quality difference with respect to zero edge enhancement reaches an optimum at levels between 0.7 and 0.9.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Edge enhancement has a major impact on sharpness, noise, and the resulting perceived image quality. We conclude that ENT professionals benefit from this video processing and should verify if their equipment is optimally configured.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>NA <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 134:842\u2013847, 2024<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.30981","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T18:30:34Z","timestamp":1692297034000},"page":"842-847","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Edge Enhancement Optimization in Flexible Endoscopic Images to the Perception of Ear, Nose and Throat Professionals"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"134","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4718-0032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G.","family":"Geleijnse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam  Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1088-1425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L. L.","family":"Veder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam  Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4323-1189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. M.","family":"Hakkesteegt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam  Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H. H. W.","family":"de Gier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam  Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9215-9307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B.","family":"Rieger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Imaging Physics Delft University of Technology Faculty of Applied Sciences  Delft The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7174-2069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R. M.","family":"Metselaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam  Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.23630"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2007.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2007.10.007"},{"issue":"271","key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"2227","article-title":"Distal chip versus fiberoptic laryngoscopy using endoscopic sheats: diagnostic accuracy and image quality","volume":"8","author":"Plaat BEC","year":"2014","journal-title":"Laryngology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.13476"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-021-06673-0"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The objective measurement and subjective perception of flexible ENT endoscopes\u2019 image quality","volume":"66","author":"Geleijnse G","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Image Sci Technol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949810701008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200203000-00027"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.650848"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2012.03056.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","volume-title":"Screening for Colorectal Cancer with Colonoscopy","author":"Rajunor E","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.27.10.106001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1002322"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cgip.1993.1034"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2352\/J.ImagingSci.Technol.2021.65.2.020503"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.582447"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2012.03188.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","volume-title":"How to Analyze Paired Comparison Data","author":"Tsukida K","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","volume-title":"A Practical Guide and Software for Analysing","author":"P\u00e9rez\u2010Ortiz M","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0070288"}],"container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lary.30981","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]],"date-time":"2024-01-22T06:08:22Z","timestamp":1705903702000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lary.30981"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lary.30981"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.30981","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-852X","1531-4995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0023-852X","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-4995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-04-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-08-03","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-08-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}