{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:48:15Z","timestamp":1789433295765,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694390400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022793","name":"Turun Yliopistos\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022793","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004212","name":"P\u00e4ivikki ja Sakari Sohlbergin S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004212","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Videofluoroscopy (VFS) is the gold standard in evaluating dysphagia. Water swallow tests (WST) and the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT\u201010) are commonly used in dysphagia screening. We aimed to determine the feasibility of WST and EAT\u201010 as screening tools for referral to VFS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009150, median age: 70.0\u2009years, range: 19\u201392\u2009years, 58.7% female) referred to VFS completed the WST and EAT\u201010 before the examination. In the WST, we evaluated both the qualitative parameters (coughing, possible change in voice) and quantitative parameters (average drinking bolus size, swallowing speed). Correlations of EAT\u201010 total scores and WST parameters to the VFS findings were analyzed both individually and combined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the WST, the most specific (89.7%) predictor of normal VFS findings was the absence of coughing, and the most sensitive (79.1%) parameter to predict abnormal findings was a bolus size of \u226420\u2009mL. Using a combination of coughing and a bolus size \u226420\u2009mL (simplified WST), the sensitivity of predicting abnormal findings increased to 83.5%. The most sensitive (84.6%) predictor of penetration\/aspiration was failing any parameter in the WST. Lack of coughing indicated an absence of penetration\/aspiration with an 82.5% specificity. Swallowing speed or combining the EAT\u201010 results with the WST results did not enhance the sensitivity or specificity of the WST for predicting the VFS results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Coughing and average drinking bolus size are the most important parameters in WST when screening for referral to VFS, whereas the swallowing speed does not seem to be useful. The WST is superior to EAT\u201010 in predicting VFS findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>4 <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 134:1349\u20131355, 2024<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.31038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T11:19:36Z","timestamp":1694431176000},"page":"1349-1355","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The Water Swallow Test and <scp>EAT<\/scp>\u201010 as Screening Tools for Referral to Videofluoroscopy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"134","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4614-2744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonna","family":"Kuuskoski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery Turku University Hospital and University of Turku  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaakko","family":"Vanhatalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Turku University Hospital and University of Turku  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jami","family":"Rekola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery Turku University Hospital and University of Turku  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leena\u2010Maija","family":"Aaltonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pia","family":"J\u00e4rvenp\u00e4\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-016-4307-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-001-0113-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02414429"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940811701210"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-021-10362-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","unstructured":"Nestl\u00e9 Nutrition Institute.Swallowing screening tool. 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