{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T04:32:37Z","timestamp":1784867557061,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for perioperative complications and long\u2010term morbidity in infants from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) presenting for a tracheostomy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This single\u2010center retrospective cohort study included infants in the NICU presenting for a tracheostomy from August 2011 to December 2019. Primary outcomes were categorized as either a perioperative complication or long\u2010term morbidity. A severe perioperative complication was defined as having either (1) an intraoperative cardiopulmonary arrest, (2) an intraoperative death, (3) a postoperative cardiopulmonary arrest within 30\u2009days of the procedure, or (4) a postoperative death within 30\u2009days of the procedure. Long\u2010term morbidities included (1) the need for gastrostomy tube placement within the tracheostomy hospitalization and (2) the need for diuretic therapy, pulmonary hypertensive therapy, oxygen, or mechanical ventilation at 12 and 24\u2009months following the tracheostomy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>One\u2010hundred eighty\u2010three children underwent a tracheostomy. The mean age at tracheostomy was 16.9\u2009weeks while the mean post\u2010conceptual age at tracheostomy was 49.7\u2009weeks. The incidence of severe perioperative complications was 4.4% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20098) with the number of pulmonary hypertension medication classes preoperatively (OR: 3.64, 95% CI: (1.44\u20138.94), <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.005) as a significant risk factor. Approximately 81% of children additionally had a gastrostomy tube placed at the time of the tracheostomy, and 62% were ventilator\u2010dependent 2\u2009years following their tracheostomy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study provides critical perioperative complications and long\u2010term morbidity data to neonatologists, pediatricians, surgeons, anesthesiologists, and families in the expected course of infants from the NICU presenting for a tracheostomy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>3 <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 134:1945\u20131954, 2024<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.31058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T10:39:19Z","timestamp":1695897559000},"page":"1945-1954","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Perioperative and <scp>Long\u2010Term<\/scp> Outcomes in Infants Undergoing a Tracheostomy from a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"Elton M.","family":"Lambert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Derpartment of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine Texas Children's Hospital  Houston Texas U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uma","family":"Ramaswamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Derpartment of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine Texas Children's Hospital  Houston Texas U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharada H.","family":"Gowda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine Texas Children's Hospital  Houston Texas U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R.","family":"Spielberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago Illinois U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph L.","family":"Hagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine Texas Children's Hospital  Houston Texas U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Stanford University School of Medicine  Palo Alto California U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Villafranco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine Texas Children's Hospital  Houston Texas U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiffany","family":"Raynor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Derpartment of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine Texas Children's Hospital  Houston Texas U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2020-7466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rahul G.","family":"Baijal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine Texas Children's Hospital  Houston Texas 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