{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T00:55:06Z","timestamp":1773449706469,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,30]],"date-time":"2023-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U24 DC020857"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24 DC020857"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study compared the immune\u2010related secretory capacity of human vestibular schwannoma (VS) and tumor\u2010assisted macrophages (TAMs) with their normal counterparts (Schwann cells [SC] and peripheral blood monocyte\u2010derived macrophages [Mo\u2010MFs], respectively), and examined relationships with presurgical hearing and tumor size.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>VS tumors (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200916), auditory nerve (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091), blood (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20099), and great auricular nerves (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093) were used. SCs (S100B<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>) and TAMs (CD68<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>) were isolated from VS tissue for culture. The secreted levels of 65 immune\u2010related factors were measured and compared using unpaired <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010tests with Welch correction (schwannoma vs. SCs) or Mann\u2013Whitney tests (TAMs and Mo\u2010MFs). Associations between factor concentration and word recognition (WR), pure\u2010tone average (PTA), and tumor size were evaluated with Spearman correlation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Secreted factors with significantly higher concentrations in schwannoma versus SC supernatants included IL\u20102 and BAFF, whereas MMP\u20101, IL\u20106, FGF\u20102, VEGF\u2010A, MIP\u20103\u03b1, and GRO\u2010\u03b1 concentrations were significantly higher in TAMs versus Mo\u2010MFs (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Worse WR was significantly associated with higher secretion of fractalkine, eotaxin\u20103, CD30, and IL\u201016 by VS cells; IP\u201010, eotaxin\u20103, multiple interleukins, GM\u2010CSF, SCF, and CD30 by TAMs; and TNF\u2010\u03b1 and MIP\u20101\u03b1 by Mo\u2010MFs (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Worse PTA was significantly correlated with higher secretion of IL\u201016 by VS cells (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Larger tumor size was significantly correlated with higher secretion of eotaxin by VS cells, and of IL\u20107, IL\u201021, and LIF by TAMs (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.017).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Differential secretion of immune\u2010related factors was observed in schwannoma versus normal SCs and in TAMs versus Mo\u2010MFs, some of which were correlated with worse hearing and larger VS tumors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>N\/A <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 134:S1\u2013S14, 2024<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.31067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,30]],"date-time":"2023-09-30T11:54:09Z","timestamp":1696074849000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Immune Profiling of Secreted Factors from Human Vestibular Schwannoma Cells and Tumor\u2010associated Macrophages"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"134","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0233-279X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantina M.","family":"Stankovic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine  Palo Alto California U.S.A."},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Stanford University School of Medicine  Palo Alto California U.S.A."},{"name":"Wu Tsai Neuroscience Institute Stanford University  Palo Alto California U.S.A."},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery at Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shelley","family":"Batts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine  Palo Alto California U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9963-469X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D. 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