{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:48:29Z","timestamp":1786978109880,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696550400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tympanostomy tube insertion (TTI) is typically accomplished under general anesthesia (GA) in the operating room. We aimed to compare pain between GA and local anesthesia (LA) in surgically na\u00efve children undergoing TTI. Secondary objectives examined patient's quality of life (QoL) and parent's satisfaction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective single\u2010center study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tertiary pediatric academic center.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Consecutive children who underwent TTI under GA were compared to patients under LA. Pain standardized observational pain scales (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability Scale [FLACC], Children's hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale [CHEOPS]) were completed pre\u2010procedure, during the first tympanostomy and second tympanostomy, and post\u2010procedure, as well as 1\u2009week postoperatively. General health\u2010related QoL (PedsQL) and QoL specific to otitis media (OM\u20106) were measured before insertion and 1\u2009month postoperatively. Parental satisfaction was also evaluated using a qualitative scale.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      LA group had statistically significant higher pain levels at the beginning (7.3 vs. 0), during the first tympanostomy (7.8 vs. 0), during the second tympanostomy (7.7 vs. 0), and at end of the procedure (6.9 vs. 0) with the FLACC scale (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Results were similar with the CHEOPS scale. No pain was noted 1\u2009week after surgery in either group. Both groups had similar improvement in their QoL (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05). Minor complication occurred at a similar rate (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05). Parents were equally satisfied with their choice of anesthesia in both groups when initially questioned after the procedure (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children experienced significantly less pain under GA than LA. If LA is to be used, pain and distress\u2010reducing strategies are critical. Shared decision\u2010making with families is essential.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      3\n                      <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>\n                      , 134:2422\u20132429, 2024\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.31095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,7]],"date-time":"2023-10-07T01:03:19Z","timestamp":1696640599000},"page":"2422-2429","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Comparison of Tympanostomy Tubes Under Local Anesthesia Versus General Anesthesia for Children"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"134","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9931-1818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabelle","family":"Fournier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camille","family":"Caron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medecine Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3278-1169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C. Meghan","family":"McMurtry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Guelph  Guelph Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Pediatric Chronic Pain Program McMaster Children's Hospital  Hamilton Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annie","family":"Lapointe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, CHU Sainte\u2010Justine  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chantal","family":"Giguere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, CHU Sainte\u2010Justine  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie\u2010Jo\u00eblle","family":"Dor\u00e9\u2010Bergeron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, CHU Sainte\u2010Justine  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8300-3220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathieu","family":"Bergeron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, CHU Sainte\u2010Justine  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"CHU Sainte Justine Research Institute, CHU Sainte Justine  Montreal Quebec 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