{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T15:41:51Z","timestamp":1790091711198,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]],"date-time":"2023-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698969600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim was to analyze the global impact of the COVID\u201019 pandemic and national lockdowns on the incidence of otitis media (OM), a common otolaryngologic disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Sources<\/jats:title><jats:p>PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Review Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis were performed using PRISMA reporting guidelines. OM incidence (measured as newly diagnosed OM cases over total patients seen over a time period), OM antibiotic prescriptions (OM cases for which antibiotics were prescribed over total OM cases), and tympanostomy tube surgeries (all tympanostomy tube surgeries over total surgical cases) were extracted. Meta\u2010analysis of proportions and comparison of proportions were performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 1004 studies screened, 26 studies in 11 countries met inclusion criteria. The percentages of OM cases pre\u2010 and during\u2010lockdown were 6.67%, 95% CI [4.68%, 8.99%], and 2.63% [2.02%, 3.31%], respectively, with an OR of 0.31 favoring during\u2010lockdown [0.25, 0.39] (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.00001). Antibiotic prescriptions per all OM episodes pre\u2010 and during\u2010lockdown were 1.61% [0.17%, 8.46%] and 0.62% [0.07%, 3.32%], with an OR of 0.37 favoring during\u2010lockdown ([0.35, 0.40], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.00001). Tympanostomy tube surgery proportions pre\u2010 and during\u2010lockdown were 31.64% [6.85%, 64.26%] and 29.99% [4.14%, 66.55%], with an OR of 0.94 favoring neither during\u2010 nor pre\u2010lockdown [0.45, 2.00] (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.88).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The incidence of OM decreased significantly following international lockdowns due to the COVID\u201019 pandemic, with antibiotic prescriptions for OM episodes showing a corresponding decrease. Despite these reductions, numbers of tympanostomy tube procedures did not change significantly. These reductions are likely due to social distancing, decreased exposure through high transmission facilities such as day cares, decreased health care utilization, and even possibly decreased air pollution. <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 134:2028\u20132037, 2024<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.31125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]],"date-time":"2023-11-03T12:09:10Z","timestamp":1699013350000},"page":"2028-2037","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Global Otitis Media Incidence Changes During the <scp>COVID<\/scp> Pandemic: Systematic Review and <scp>Meta\u2010Analysis<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"Brendon K.","family":"Warner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South Carolina  Charleston South Carolina 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