{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T12:44:56Z","timestamp":1769345096813,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]],"date-time":"2023-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702339200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of this study was to assess the clinical significance of the Bow and Lean Test (BLT) for the diagnosis of different variants of vertical canal Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV). BLT is commonly used for diagnoses of lateral semicircular canal (LSC) BPPV. However, vertical nystagmus in the BLT may indicate the presence of other variants such as PSC\u2010BPPV.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>567 patients with vertical canal BPPV were recruited. Patients with anterior semicircular canal (ASC) or PSC\u2010BPPV were weekly examined until the negativization of BPPV. Nystagmus characteristics during BLT were analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 567 patients with vertical canal BPPV, 1.4% had ASC\u2010BPPV. BLT was positive in 155 patients, showing patterns like down\u2010beating nystagmus in bowing and no nystagmus in leaning (15.52% of patients), and down\u2010beating in bowing and up\u2010beating in leaning (6.17%), which was predominantly present in PSC\u2010canalolithiasis. Statistically significant differences were observed in the direction of nystagmus provoked by BLT in PSC\u2010BPPV subtypes. No significant differences were found in nystagmus latency or duration during BLT positions. Among BPPV subtypes, there was a significant difference in nystagmus duration and latency, especially between cupulolithiasis and other variants. BLT's sensitivity was 0.93 in bowing and 1 in a leaning position, while specificity was 0.93 and 0.82 respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Beyond the LSC, the BLT has expanded to other variants. However, study results differ likely due to variations in patient characteristics and test execution. Currently, no specific features for ASC have been found to differentiate it from PSC\u2010BPPV limiting the test's use for this variant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>3, according to Oxford Center for Evidence\u2010Based Medicine <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 134:2405\u20132410, 2024<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.31218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]],"date-time":"2023-12-13T07:04:43Z","timestamp":1702451083000},"page":"2405-2410","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Bow and Lean Test for Rare Variants of Vertical Semicircular Canal <scp>BPPV<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"134","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1175-3844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Martin\u2010Sanz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University Hospital of Getafe  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences and Health Universidad Europea de Madrid  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3543-1268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Chaure\u2010Cordero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University Hospital of Getafe  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Riestra\u2010Ayora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University Hospital of Getafe  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences and Health Universidad Europea de Madrid  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roc\u00edo","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez\u2010Marquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University Hospital of Getafe  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences and Health Universidad Europea de Madrid  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"M\u00e1rmol\u2010Szombathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University Hospital of Getafe  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6184-6830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Esteban\u2010Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University Hospital of Getafe  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences and Health Universidad Europea de Madrid  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-020-09831-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120440"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/VES-150553"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2019.15.2.143"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/VES-140535"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joto.2022.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27142"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/VES-150553"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000231291.44818.be"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21117"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120158"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-63630-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2022.103474"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2016.00115"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1325.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4682-10-21"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1309481"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.603541"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000002629"}],"container-title":["The 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