{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T16:24:11Z","timestamp":1790958251790,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,10]],"date-time":"2023-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702166400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,10]],"date-time":"2023-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702166400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Structured histopathology (SHP) is a method of analyzing sinonasal tissue to characterize endotypes of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) shares several features with certain endotypes of CRSwNP. Our objective was to compare the histopathology of AFRS and eosinophilic CRSwNP to further understand whether they are separate endotypes or disease entities altogether.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A retrospective review of AFRS and CRSwNP patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery was performed. Data were collected on demographics, comorbidities, subjective and objective severity scores, and 13\u2010variable SHP reports. CRSwNP patients with &gt;10 eosinophils per high\u2010power field (eCRSwNP) were included. Chi\u2010squared and\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010tests were used for statistical analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 29 AFRS and 108 eCRSwNP patients were identified. AFRS patients were younger and more often Black. Symptom severity scores (SNOT\u201022, Lund\u2010MacKay, and Lund\u2010Kennedy) were uniform between groups. AFRS patients had a higher rate of Charcot\u2013Leyden crystals (41.4% vs. 10.2%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Severe degree of inflammation, eosinophilic inflammatory predominance, eosinophil aggregates, subepithelial edema, and basement membrane thickening were common in both groups, and their rates were not statistically significantly different between groups. Metaplasia, ulceration, fibrosis, and hyperplastic\/papillary change rates were low (&lt;30%) and similar between groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The SHP of eCRSwNP and AFRS are highly consistent, which suggests AFRS is a severe subtype of CRSwNP overall rather than a separate disease entity. This also lends credence to AFRS belonging on the endotypic spectrum of CRSwNP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      3\n                      <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>\n                      , 134:2617\u20132621, 2024\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.31225","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]],"date-time":"2023-12-11T00:55:12Z","timestamp":1702256112000},"page":"2617-2621","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Histopathology of Allergic Fungal Rhinosinusitis Versus Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"Tamara","family":"Simpson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rush Medical College Rush University Medical Center  Chicago Illinois U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0831-6440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vidit","family":"Talati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery and Rush Sinus, Allergy, and Asthma Center Rush University Medical Center  Chicago Illinois U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3308-9377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali M.","family":"Baird","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rush Medical College Rush University Medical Center  Chicago Illinois U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Gattuso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Rush University Medical Center  Chicago Illinois U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary K.","family":"Allen\u2010Proctor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Rush University Medical Center  Chicago Illinois U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Papagiannopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery and Rush Sinus, Allergy, and Asthma Center Rush University Medical Center  Chicago Illinois U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pete S.","family":"Batra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery and Rush Sinus, Allergy, and Asthma Center Rush University Medical Center  Chicago Illinois U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6898-6633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Filip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery and Rush Sinus, Allergy, and Asthma Center Rush University Medical Center  Chicago Illinois U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bobby A.","family":"Tajudeen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery and Rush Sinus, Allergy, and Asthma Center Rush University Medical Center  Chicago Illinois 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