{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T02:06:17Z","timestamp":1771380377278,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]],"date-time":"2024-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704326400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]],"date-time":"2024-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704326400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"\n Introduction<\/jats:title>\n Quantitative measurement and analysis of glottic abduction is used to assess laryngeal function and success of interventions; however, the consistency of measurement over time has not been established. This study assesses the consistency of glottic abduction measurements across visits in healthy patients and anatomic factors impacting these measurements.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Review of patients with two sequential flexible stroboscopic exams over seven months from 2019\u20132022. Images of maximal glottic abduction were captured and uploaded into and measured with ImageJ. Cadaver heads were used to assess the impact of visualization angles on glottic measurements with a monofilament inserted into the supraglottis of each cadaver as a point of reference. Comparisons were done with a paired\n T<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010test,\n T<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010test, or Mann\u2013Whitney\n U<\/jats:italic>\n test as appropriate.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Fifty\u2010nine patients and twenty\u2010six cadaveric exams were included. Absolute change in maximum glottic abduction angle (MGAA) was 6.90\u00b0 (95% CI [5.36\u00b0, 8.42\u00b0];\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05). There were no significant differences in change in MGAA by gender or age. Twenty percent of patients had a change of at least 25% in their MGAA between visits. Absolute differences in glottic angle between nasal side for cadaveric measurements was 4.77\u2009\u00b1\u20094.59\u00b0 (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.005)\u20142.22\u00b0 less than the change in MGAA seen over time (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.185).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Maximal glottic abduction angles varied significantly between visits. Factors considered to be contributing to the differences include different viewing windows between examinations due to the position and angulation of the laryngoscope and changes in patient positioning, intra\u2010 and inter\u2010rater variations in measurement, and patient effort.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n \n N\/a\n Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>\n , 134:2793\u20132798, 2024\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.31245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]],"date-time":"2024-01-04T06:50:59Z","timestamp":1704351059000},"page":"2793-2798","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Clinical and Anatomical Variation During Assessment of Maximum Glottic Angle"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"DeChance","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Loma Linda University School of Medicine Loma Linda California 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