{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T14:01:58Z","timestamp":1774360918918,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705449600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32\u2010DC009401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32\u2010DC009401"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diagnosing pediatric induced laryngeal obstruction (ILO) requires equipment typically available in specialist settings, and patients often see multiple providers before a diagnosis is determined. This study examined the financial burden associated with the diagnosis and treatment of ILO in pediatric patients with reference to socioeconomic disadvantage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adolescents and children (&lt;18\u2009years of age) diagnosed with ILO were identified through the University of Madison Voice and Swallow Outcomes Database. Procedures, office visits, and prescribed medications were collected from the electronic medical record. Expenditures were calculated for two time periods (1) pre\u2010diagnosis (first dyspnea\u2010related visit to diagnosis), and (2) the first year following diagnosis. The Area Deprivation Index (ADI) was used to estimate patient socioeconomic status to determine if costs differed with neighborhood\u2010level disadvantage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 113 patients met inclusion criteria (13.9\u2009years, 79% female). Total pre\u2010diagnosis costs of ILO averaged $6486.93 (SD\u2009=\u2009$6604.14, median\u2009=\u2009$3845.66) and post\u2010diagnosis costs averaged $2067.69 (SD\u2009=\u2009$2322.78; median\u2009=\u2009$1384.12). Patients underwent a mean of 3.01 (SD\u2009=\u20091.9; median\u2009=\u20092) procedures and 5.8 (SD\u2009=\u20094.7; median\u2009=\u20095) office visits prior to diagnosis. Pharmaceutical, procedure\/office visit, and indirect costs significantly decreased following diagnosis. Patients living in neighborhoods with greater socioeconomic disadvantage underwent fewer procedures and were prescribed more medication than those from more affluent areas. However, total expenditures did not differ based on ADI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pediatric ILO is associated with considerable financial costs. The source of these costs, however, differed according to socioeconomic advantage. Future work should determine how ILO diagnosis and management can be more efficient and equitable across all patients. <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 134:3384\u20133390, 2024<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.31281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T14:09:43Z","timestamp":1705500583000},"page":"3384-3390","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Economic Burden of Induced Laryngeal Obstruction in Adolescents and Children"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"134","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9273-046X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert Brinton","family":"Fujiki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison  Madison Wisconsin 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