{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:37:40Z","timestamp":1789519060379,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]],"date-time":"2024-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K08DC020780"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08DC020780"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5T32DC000027\u201033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5T32DC000027\u201033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The round window membrane (RWM) presents a significant barrier to the local application of therapeutics to the inner ear. We demonstrate a benchtop preclinical RWM model and evaluate superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) as vehicles for magnetically assisted drug delivery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Guinea pig RWM explants were inset into a 3D\u2010printed dual chamber benchtop device. Custom\u2010synthesized 7\u2010nm iron core nanoparticles were modified with different polyethylene glycol chains to yield two sizes of SPIONs (NP\u2010PEG600 and NP\u2010PEG3000) and applied to the benchtop model with and without a magnetic field. Histologic analysis of the RWM was performed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal microscopy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Over a 4\u2010h period, 19.5\u2009\u00b1\u20091.9% of NP\u2010PEG3000 and 14.6\u2009\u00b1\u20091.9% of NP\u2010PEG600 were transported across the guinea pig RWM. The overall transport increased by 1.45\u00d7 to 28.4\u2009\u00b1\u20095.8% and 21.0\u2009\u00b1\u20092.0%, respectively, when a magnetic field was applied. Paraformaldehyde fixation of the RWM decreased transport significantly (NP\u2010PEG3000: 7.6\u2009\u00b1\u20091.5%; NP\u2010PEG600: 7.0\u2009\u00b1\u20091.6%). Confocal and electron microscopy analysis demonstrated nanoparticle localization throughout all cellular layers and layer\u2010specific transport characteristics within RWM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The guinea pig RWM explant benchtop model allows for targeted and practical investigations of transmembrane transport in the development of nanoparticle drug delivery vehicles. The presence of a magnetic field increases SPION delivery by 45%\u201350% in a nanoparticle size\u2010 and cellular layer\u2010dependent manner.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>NA <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 134:3355\u20133362, 2024<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.31345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]],"date-time":"2024-02-21T05:24:01Z","timestamp":1708493041000},"page":"3355-3362","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A Benchtop Round Window Model for Studying Magnetic Nanoparticle Transport to the Inner Ear"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"134","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4836-5530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mukund M.","family":"Goyal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical &amp; Biomolecular Engineering Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore 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