{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T20:29:49Z","timestamp":1770755389334,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]],"date-time":"2024-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712275200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DFG HU441\/29\u20101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFG HU441\/29\u20101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001663","name":"Volkswagen Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Az 9B396"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Az 9B396"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to determine the characteristics of patients with qualitative olfactory dysfunction (qualOD) and whether individuals with parosmia exhibit increased olfactory sensitivity to previously reported odorous triggers of parosmia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study included individuals aged \u226518\u2009years, divided into quantitative OD only, parosmia, and phantosmia groups. Data collected included: clinical\u2010demographic data, \u201cSniffin\u2019 Sticks\u201d scores, questionnaires (depression scale, importance of olfaction), and information about parosmia and phantosmia. A proportion of patients underwent trigger odor threshold testing for 2\u2010Furfurylthiol [FFT] found in coffee and 2,6\u2010nonadienal [Nonadienal] found in cucumber.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Those with parosmia were typically younger women, with shorter OD duration due to post\u2010viral OD (PVOD), hyposmic\/normosmic, and experienced parosmia more severely. Parosmia was 3.5 times more likely in PVOD. Those with phantosmia were older, with longer OD duration due to idiopathic OD, hyposmic\/anosmic, and experienced phantosmia less severely. There were no significant differences between FFT and Nonadienal threshold scores in patients with parosmia, phantosmia, or only quantitative OD, but all groups had significantly increased olfactory sensitivity for trigger odors compared to phenyl ethyl alcohol (PEA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Parosmia and phantosmia patients have distinct characteristics. This may provide clinicians with a better understanding of possible olfactory outcomes in these patients. The higher olfactory sensitivity of all groups to trigger odors compared to PEA raises interesting points about parosmia triggers and odors in the context of warning for danger, in relation to the pathophysiology of parosmia that may be worth exploring in future studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>3 <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 134:3277\u20133285, 2024<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.31379","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]],"date-time":"2024-04-05T12:10:39Z","timestamp":1712319039000},"page":"3277-3285","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Comparison of Patient Characteristics and Olfactory Sensitivity for Trigger Odorants in Parosmia and Phantosmia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"134","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8686-195X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rumi","family":"Sekine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Smell &amp; Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden  Dresden Germany"},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Jikei University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6711-7359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Kristina","family":"Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smell &amp; Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden  Dresden Germany"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, Philippine General Hospital University of the Philippines \u2013 Manila  Manila 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