{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:08:04Z","timestamp":1760242084393,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]],"date-time":"2024-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709769600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe the speech and hearing abilities of Erastus \u201cDeaf\u201d Smith, the first Texas Ranger, and speculate on the etiology of his hearing loss.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Review of credible historical data of what Erastus could and could not hear, descriptions of his voice, and loudness tolerance. Modern analysis of acoustical physics data generated by 0.69\u2010inch diameter non\u2010spinning musket balls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The onset of Erastus' bilateral hearing loss was early childhood. He could hear some. He was intolerant of very loud sounds. His speech was \u201cweak\u201d, \u201csqueaky\u201d and high\u2010pitched. He did not use manual communication. He could not hear musket balls passing near his head. The frequency of sound generated by flying 0.69\u2010inch diameter musket balls has been determined as predominantly in the range of 2000\u20132500\u2009Hz. In contrast to most bilateral childhood sensorineural hearing losses that are worse in high and mid frequencies, Erastus' hearing loss was worse in the low and mid frequencies \u2013 preserving at least some high\u2010frequency hearing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Erastus' reverse\u2010slope hearing problem may well have been attributable to incomplete partition type III. If you can't hear it, you can't speak it.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>NA <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 134:3532\u20133536, 2024<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.31383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]],"date-time":"2024-03-07T05:53:55Z","timestamp":1709790835000},"page":"3532-3536","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Hearing of Erastus \u201cDeaf\u201d Smith, Hero of the Texas Revolution"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"134","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0166-0054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N. Wendell","family":"Todd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery Emory University School of Medicine  Atlanta Georgia U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven D.","family":"Beck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beck Audio Forensics  Austin Texas U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Deaf Smith, Incredible Texas spy","year":"1973","author":"Huston C","key":"e_1_2_8_2_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"32","article-title":"\u201cEl Sordo\u201d rides again! The amazing saga of deaf Smith","volume":"6","author":"Baldwin SC","year":"1990","journal-title":"The Voice"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","unstructured":"BaldwinSC.Still seeking Deaf Smith: A forty\u2010year adventure. The Deaf Texan in three parts: 2020; Spring pages 16\u201320 Summer pages 23\u201330 and Fall pages 15\u201324."},{"volume-title":"The Nine Lives of Deaf Smith","year":"1958","author":"Griffis FC","key":"e_1_2_8_5_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","unstructured":"WorldCat.https:\/\/www.worldcat.orgAccessed August 28 2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","unstructured":"WilliamsLD.Deaf Smith Scout of the Texas Revolution. Thesis 1964 Trinity University San Antonio."},{"volume-title":"Sam Houston: American Giant","year":"1962","author":"Wisehart MD","key":"e_1_2_8_8_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","unstructured":"BaldwinSC.The legacy of deaf Smith: famed soldier spy & scout of the Texas Revolution. 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