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Our objectives are to improve drug release of CASS and assess safety and pharmacokinetics in rabbits.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dip coating was used to create the CASS with 2\u2009mg ciprofloxacin and 5\u2009mg azithromycin. A uniformed double coating was assessed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the release patterns of both drugs and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay were evaluated over 14\u2009days in vitro. Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of the CASS were tested in rabbits through insertion into the maxillary sinus and evaluated with nasal endoscopy, CT scans, histology, blood counts and chemistries, and in vivo drug release.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>SEM confirmed the uniformity of the dual coating of ciprofloxacin and azithromycin, and thickness (\u03bcm) was found to be 14.7 \u00b1\u20092.4 and 28.1 \u00b1\u20094.6, respectively. The inner coated ciprofloxacin showed a sustained release over 14\u2009days (release %) when soaked in saline solution (day 7, 86.2 \u00b1\u20093.4 vs. day 14,99.2 \u00b1\u20095.1). In vivo analysis showed that after 12\u2009days, 78.92 \u00b1\u20097.67% of CP and 84.12 \u00b1\u20090.45% of AZ were released into the sinus. There were no significant differences in body weight, white blood cell counts, and radiographic changes before and after CASS placement. No significant histological changes were observed compared to the contralateral control side.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Findings suggest that the CASS is an effective method for delivering therapeutic levels of antibiotics. Further studies are needed to validate efficacy in a preclinical sinusitis model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>N\/A <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 134:3953\u20133959, 2024<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.31431","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]],"date-time":"2024-04-02T14:03:21Z","timestamp":1712066601000},"page":"3953-3959","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Safety and Pharmacokinetics of a Ciprofloxacin and Azithromycin Stent for Chronic Rhinosinusitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"Dong\u2010Jin","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head &amp; Neck Surgery University of Alabama at Birmingham  Birmingham Alabama U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brenton T.","family":"Bicknell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head &amp; Neck Surgery University of Alabama at Birmingham  Birmingham Alabama U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Rivers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head &amp; Neck Surgery University of Alabama at Birmingham  Birmingham Alabama U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin P.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head &amp; Neck Surgery University of Alabama at Birmingham  Birmingham Alabama U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adithya J.","family":"Menon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head &amp; Neck Surgery University of Alabama at Birmingham  Birmingham Alabama 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