{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T02:47:20Z","timestamp":1789094840768,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]],"date-time":"2024-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]],"date-time":"2024-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713830400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Acute invasive fungal sinusitis (AIFS) classically presents as an aggressive fungal infection that can spread beyond its origin in the sinuses in immunocompromised patients. Although there have been reports of AIFS in immunocompetent, non\u2010diabetic patients, it is extremely rare and the true mechanism behind it is unknown. A thirty\u2010eight year old immunocompetent, non\u2010diabetic woman underwent bilateral ESS for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps at a tertiary care center and post\u2010operatively developed AIFS. Patient underwent uncomplicated ESS, was packed with foam containing triamcinolone and discharged on steroid rinses and a prednisone taper. Surgical pathology demonstrated left\u2010sided colonization with non\u2010invasive fungal elements consistent with a mycetoma. She presented on post\u2010operative Day 11 with headache and left\u2010sided retro\u2010orbital pain. A culture of her left nasal cavity grew Rhizopus spp and MRI demonstrated evidence of invasive fungal infection of left sphenoid mucosa as well as inflammatory changes in the left orbit centered at the orbital apex. She was started on amphotericin and underwent a left\u2010sided debridement with biopsies which demonstrated angioinvasive fungal disease. Her vision in her left eye worsened to 20\/800 and she was treated with transcutaneous retrobulbar injection of amphotericin B. After stable interval imaging she was discharged on a long\u2010term course of antifungals. Extensive immunologic work\u2010up was unremarkable. We describe a case of an immunocompetent patient who developed AIFS after sinus surgery for CRS and a mycetoma likely as a result of local immune suppression and post\u2010surgical trauma.\n                    <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>\n                    , 134:4213\u20134216, 2024\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.31463","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]],"date-time":"2024-04-23T05:59:40Z","timestamp":1713851980000},"page":"4213-4216","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Invasive Fungal Sinusitis in an Immunocompetent Patient After Sinus Surgery for Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps and a Mycetoma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"134","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9300-4390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evan J.","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head &amp; Neck Surgery University of California San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meleha","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University of California San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian S.","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases University of California San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annemieke","family":"van Zante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University of California San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Kersten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University of California San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Loftus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head &amp; Neck Surgery University of California San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/moo.0000000000000507"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/16038097"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2014.07.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina55070319"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00034894211036844"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.23097"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599812460988"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2009.02884.x"}],"container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lary.31463","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/lary.31463","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lary.31463","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T12:29:53Z","timestamp":1788611393000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lary.31463"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lary.31463"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.31463","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-852X","1531-4995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0023-852X","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-4995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-12-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-04-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-04-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}