{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T02:52:52Z","timestamp":1778122372616,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]],"date-time":"2024-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015326","name":"Common Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OT2OD032720"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OT2OD032720"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015326","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23AG057832"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23AG057832"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K76AG079040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K76AG079040"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hearing loss (HL) (receptive communication impairment) is a known risk factor for depression. However, dysphonia (expressive communication impairment), has received little study. We study HL, self\u2010reported voice disorder, and combined impairment as risk factors for depression in a large national cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a cross\u2010sectional epidemiologic study. Data were analyzed from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) cycles 2008\u20132012 and 2019\u20132020. KNHANES uniquely contains both audiometry and voice disorder data. HL (yes\/no) was defined as \u226525\u2009dB pure tone average. Voice disorder (yes\/no) was defined by self\u2010report. Depression (yes\/no) was defined by physician diagnosis. Odds ratios for depression were calculated using multivariable logistic regressions with HL and voice disorder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>8,524 individuals aged 19 to 80\u2009years old had complete data. The mean age was 57.3\u2009years (SD\u2009=\u200913.4) and 64% were women. All regressions were controlled for age and sex. Those with HL, versus those without, had 1.27 times the odds (95% CI\u2009=\u20091.07\u20131.52, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.007) of depression. Those with self\u2010reported voice disorder, versus those without, had 1.48 times the odds (1.22\u20131.78, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) of depression. Those with HL and self\u2010reported voice disorder, versus those with neither, had 1.79 times the odds (1.27\u20132.48, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) of depression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study demonstrates independent relationships between HL and depression and self\u2010reported voice disorder and depression. Combined HL and self\u2010reported voice disorder had nearly 1.8 times the odds of depression. This is likely due to the grossly additive effect of difficulty with incoming and outgoing communication streams.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>II <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 134:4060\u20134065, 2024<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.31536","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]],"date-time":"2024-05-28T12:19:46Z","timestamp":1716898786000},"page":"4060-4065","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Voice Disorders and Hearing Loss May Be Additive Risk Factors for Depression in a National Cohort"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"134","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1543-2634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana\u00efs","family":"Rameau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Weill Cornell Medical College\/NewYork\u2010Presbyterian, Sean Parker Institute for the Voice  New York New York U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3247-6515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren H.","family":"Tucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center\/NewYork\u2010Presbyterian  New York New York U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0631-5997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael W.","family":"Denham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center\/NewYork\u2010Presbyterian  New York New York U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4062-0717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yung Jee","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0962-0594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nayeon","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Lachs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine Weill Cornell Medical College\/NewYork\u2010Presbyterian  New York New York U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tony Ehren","family":"Rosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Weill Cornell Medical College\/NewYork\u2010Presbyterian  New York New York U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Weill Cornell Medical College\/NewYork\u2010Presbyterian, Sean Parker Institute for the Voice  New York New York U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Czaja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine Weill Cornell Medical College\/NewYork\u2010Presbyterian  New York New York U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2432-5291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justin S.","family":"Golub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center\/NewYork\u2010Presbyterian  New York New York U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"40","article-title":"Ad hoc committee on service delivery in the schools","volume":"35","author":"Definitions of communication disorders and variations","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am Speech\u2010Lang\u2010Hear Assoc ASHA Suppl"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20590"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","unstructured":"Statistics NCfH.Percentage of any difficulty hearing for adults aged 18 and over United States 2019\u20142022. 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