{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T10:49:54Z","timestamp":1780570194790,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]],"date-time":"2024-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pediatric cholesteatoma is an aggressive disease which requires long\u2010term evaluation to assess management strategies. The objective was to determine optimal follow\u2010up duration in pediatric cholesteatoma to detect residual and recurrent diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cohort study was set in a tertiary referral center. All consecutive patients with a minimum 5\u2010year follow\u2010up were included. Medical history, initial extension, surgical procedures, and follow\u2010up were collected. The main outcome measure were Kaplan\u2013Meier survival curves of residual and recurrence cumulative incidence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Totally 239 ears with the first tympanoplasty between 2008 and 2014 were studied including 25% congenital. At first surgery (S1), mean age was 8.4\u2009years and mean follow\u2010up time 7.9\u2009years. Mastoidectomy was performed in 69% and stapes was absent in 38% of cases. Notably, 83% (199 ears) had a second procedure (S2) of which 186 were planned. After S1, maximum cumulated incidence of residual was 45% [95%CI, 38%; 52%] at 74\u2009months, with probability of residual of 39% at 3\u2009years. After S2 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009199), maximum cumulated residual incidence was 21% [95%CI, 12%; 32%] at 62\u2009months and 16% at 3\u2009years. Concerning recurrence, maximum cumulated incidence after S1 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009239) was reached at 98\u2009months with 21% [95%CI, 12%; 32%], 13% at 3\u2009years and 16% at 5\u2009years. Congenital disease had significantly less residuals after S1 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02), but similar recurrence rate (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.66) compared with acquired.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>We recommend MRI follow\u2010up of at least 5\u2009years after the last surgery for residual disease and clinical follow\u2010up of at least 10\u2009years to detect recurrence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>4 <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 134:4789\u20134798, 2024<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.31567","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]],"date-time":"2024-06-10T09:34:51Z","timestamp":1718012091000},"page":"4789-4798","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Pediatric Cholesteatoma Follow\u2010Up: Residual and 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