{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T09:06:11Z","timestamp":1790845571770,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P20GM130423"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20GM130423"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To develop and validate machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models using drug\u2010induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) images to predict the therapeutic efficacy of hypoglossal nerve stimulator (HGNS) implantation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients who underwent DISE and subsequent HGNS implantation at a tertiary care referral center were included. Six DL models and five ML algorithms were trained on images from the base of tongue (BOT) and velopharynx (VP) from patients classified as responders or non\u2010responders as defined by Sher's criteria (50% reduction in apnea\u2010hypopnea index (AHI) and AHI\u2009&lt;\u200915 events\/h). Precision, recall, F1 score, and overall accuracy were evaluated as measures of performance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 25,040 images from 127 patients were included, of which 16,515 (69.3%) were from responders and 8,262 (30.7%) from non\u2010responders. Models trained on the VP dataset had greater overall accuracy when compared to BOT alone and combined VP and BOT image sets, suggesting that VP images contain discriminative features for identifying therapeutic efficacy. The VCG\u201016 DL model had the best overall performance on the VP image set with high training accuracy (0.833), F1 score (0.78), and recall (0.883). Among ML models, the logistic regression model had the greatest accuracy (0.685) and F1 score (0.813).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Deep neural networks have potential to predict HGNS therapeutic efficacy using images from DISE, facilitating better patient selection for implantation. Development of multi\u2010institutional data and image sets will allow for development of generalizable predictive models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>NA <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 134:5210\u20135216, 2024<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.31609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T11:35:01Z","timestamp":1719488101000},"page":"5210-5216","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Predicting Therapeutic Response to Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation Using Deep Learning"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"134","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1283-382X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rahul","family":"Alapati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery University of Kansas  Kansas City Kansas U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6093-9421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bryan","family":"Renslo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Thomas Jefferson University  Philadelphia Pennsylvania U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kansas School of Medicine  Kansas City Kansas U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Moradi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kansas School of Medicine  Kansas City Kansas U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie R.","family":"Oliver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery University of Kansas  Kansas City Kansas U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohsena","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toronto Metropolitan University  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tejas","family":"Vyas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toronto Metropolitan University  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Bon Nieves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery University of Kansas  Kansas City Kansas U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amelia","family":"Lawrence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery University of Kansas  Kansas City Kansas U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1534-4394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah F.","family":"Wagoner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery University of Kansas  Kansas City Kansas U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Rouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery University of Kansas  Kansas City Kansas U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher G.","family":"Larsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery University of Kansas  Kansas City Kansas U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ganghui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toronto Metropolitan University  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6879-6453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9s M.","family":"Bur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery University of Kansas  Kansas City Kansas U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200505-702OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.3514"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2011.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-012-0671-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","unstructured":"Inspire System Implant Manual. 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