{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:50:10Z","timestamp":1787010610719,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tympanostomy tube insertion (TTI) under local anesthesia (LA) is gaining popularity but literature comparing long\u2010term outcomes for children undergoing TTI under LA versus general anesthesia (GA) is limited. This study compares the long\u2010term quality of life (QoL) between LA and GA in children undergoing TTI. Secondary objectives included long\u2010term behavioral changes, parental satisfaction, tube durability, and postoperative complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We prospectively followed children aged under 6 who underwent TTI, under LA or GA, 2\u2009years prior. We assessed QoL using validated scales (OM6, PedsQL), analyzed behavioral changes and parental satisfaction through qualitative scales, and retrieved data on tube durability and non\u2010immediate complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 84 children (LA\u2009=\u200942; GA\u2009=\u200942) had complete data and a minimum of 1\u2009year of follow\u2010up. Demographic data were similar, except for younger patients in the LA group (1.4 vs. 1.9\u2009years,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02). LA group exhibited increased fear of health care professionals following TTI (LA: Likert scale 2.1\/5, GA: 1.5\/5,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04). Tube retention rate was shorter in the LA group (at 15\u2009months: GA:72%, LA:50%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.039). Two years post\u2010TTI, there were no differences regarding QoL (OM\u20106 score; LA: 15.2\/100, GA: 21.4\/100,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.18, and PedsQL score; LA: 84.3\/100, GA: 83.8\/100,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.90), parental satisfaction with anesthesia (GA: 4.5\/5, LA: 4.6\/5,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.56), and postoperative complications (GA: 3\/42, LA: 7\/42,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.18).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TTI under LA in children is associated with an increased fear of health care professionals and shorter functionality of tympanostomy tubes as compared to GA. No difference was observed in long\u2010term QoL, parental satisfaction, and complications rate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      3\n                      <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>\n                      , 134:5178\u20135183, 2024\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.31611","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T05:50:30Z","timestamp":1719985830000},"page":"5178-5183","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Tympanostomy Tubes Under Local Versus General Anesthesia for Children: A Prospective Long\u2010Term Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"Samuel","family":"Bellavance","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Khoury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Fournier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8703-2861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Costisella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medecine Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke  Sherbrooke Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annie","family":"Lapointe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery CHU Sainte\u2010Justine  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chantal","family":"Gigu\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery CHU Sainte\u2010Justine  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie\u2010Jo\u00eblle","family":"Dor\u00e9\u2010Bergeron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics CHU Sainte\u2010Justine  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8300-3220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathieu","family":"Bergeron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery CHU Sainte\u2010Justine  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"CHU Sainte Justine Research Institute CHU Sainte Justine  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ambulatory surgery data from hospitals and ambulatory surgery centers: United States, 2010","volume":"102","author":"Hall MJ","year":"2017","journal-title":"Natl Health Stat Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599815608366"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","unstructured":"Research C for DE and FDA Drug Safety Communication.FDA review results in new warnings about using general anesthetics and sedation drugs in young children and pregnant women. FDA.2019.https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/drugs\/drug-safety-and-availability\/fda-drug-safety-communication-fda-review-results-new-warnings-about-using-general-anesthetics-and."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","unstructured":"125395. In\u2010Office Placement of Tubes in Pediatric Patients While Awake. American Academy of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery (AAO\u2010HNS).2021.https:\/\/www.entnet.org\/resource\/in-office-placement-of-tubes-in-pediatric-patients-while-awake\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.128.9.1040"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ohn.336"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.28612"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.31095"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Long\u2010Term Results of Armstrong Beveled Grommet Tympanostomy Tubes in Children \u2013 Lindstrom \u2013 2004 \u2013 The Laryngoscope \u2013 Wiley Online Library.2024https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005537-200403000-00019.","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200403000-00019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A prospective randomized study of four commonly used tympanostomy tubes \u2013 Weigel \u2013 1989 \u2013 The Laryngoscope \u2013 Wiley Online Library.2024https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1288\/00005537-198903000-00003.","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198903000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019459988509300306"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2012.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019459989210600306"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-2197.1997.tb02041.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.13843"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000002112"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599816633697"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.6.1251"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","first-page":"316","article-title":"Otorrhea during transtympanal ventilation","volume":"9","author":"Debruyne F","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Otol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01460860701366658"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/PRBM.S322425"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2015.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15171\/jcs.2018.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599814525576"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.126.5.585"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2007.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.13220"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.128.7.776"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2020.102741"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja14.00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26967"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27653"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2022.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jen.2018.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15326888chc2504_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10880-021-09813-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2011.08.001"}],"container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lary.31611","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T07:07:16Z","timestamp":1731568036000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lary.31611"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lary.31611"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.31611","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-852X","1531-4995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0023-852X","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-4995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-03-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-06-17","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-03","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}