{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T21:25:03Z","timestamp":1781817903840,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,21]],"date-time":"2024-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000072","name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DE028554"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DE028554"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Many individuals with healthy normal nasal anatomy and function exhibit a prominent notch indentation at the junction of the ala and sidewall, specifically around the anterior\u2013superior region of the unilateral nasal vestibule up to the internal nasal valve. This study evaluates the influence of various sizes of notched indentations at the anterior nasal airway on local airflow pattern.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective study involving 25 healthy individuals, each exhibiting at least one unilateral notched indentation (40 total airways). Each individual's notched indentation was quantified after subject\u2010specific three\u2010dimensional nasal airway reconstruction from radiographic images. Computational fluid dynamics modeling was used to simulate nasal inspiratory airflow in each nasal airway at 15\u2009L\/min. Localized airflow distributions passing through the inferior, middle, and superior regions were calculated at 15 cross sections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Notched indentation size ranged 1.75\u201386.84\u2009mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> (average\u2009=\u200922.37\u2009mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>). At the anterior airway, notched size significantly correlated with inferior airflow volume (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.32, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04) but not in the middle (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.21, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.20) or superior (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.06, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.70) regions, whereas middle and superior regional resistance values were significantly correlated with notched size (middle: <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.54, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001; superior: <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.41, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.009). Medially, resistance at the middle region significantly correlated with notched size (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.56, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). At the posterior airway, airflow distributions through the inferior, middle, and superior regions demonstrated weak correlation with notched size (inferior: <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.24, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.14, middle: <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.24, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.13; superior:<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.83), whereas resistance was significantly correlated in the middle and inferior regions (middle: <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.56, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001;inferior: <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.43, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.006).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anterior nasal airway notched indentation size had significantly stronger influence on localized airflow volume through the anterior\u2013inferior airway than other regions of the nasal passage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>N\/A <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 2024<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.31688","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]],"date-time":"2024-08-22T01:48:00Z","timestamp":1724291280000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Impact of Intra\u2010Phenotypic Nasal Vestibular Variation on Local Airflow Dynamics"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1558-9893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan","family":"Sicard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery &amp; Communication Sciences Duke University Medical Center  Durham North Carolina U.S.A."},{"name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  New York New York U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9299-8047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Russel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery &amp; Communication Sciences Duke University Medical Center  Durham North Carolina U.S.A."},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\/Head &amp; Neck Surgery University of North Carolina\u2010Chapel Hill  Chapel Hill North Carolina U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery &amp; Communication Sciences Duke University Medical Center  Durham North Carolina U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralph Abi","family":"Hachem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery &amp; Communication Sciences Duke University Medical Center  Durham North Carolina U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9683-8355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dennis O.","family":"Frank\u2010Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery &amp; Communication Sciences Duke University Medical Center  Durham North Carolina U.S.A."},{"name":"Computational Biology &amp; Bioinformatics PhD Program Duke University  Durham North Carolina U.S.A."},{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Duke University  Durham North Carolina U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.21523"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330120412"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20893"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2843962"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330560312"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03014468100004841"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"757","article-title":"The correlations between anthropobiological and climatic variables in sub\u2010Saharan Africa: revised estimates","volume":"48","author":"Hiernaux J","year":"1976","journal-title":"Hum Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2843753"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330290315"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-4486.2009.01905.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2016.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1992.01880080012004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1988.01860160054020","article-title":"The obstructive nasal septum","volume":"114","author":"Cole P","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaerosci.2018.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2018.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2017.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2021.105282"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08958378.2022.2115175"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1055665620982754"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jamp.2014.1188"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2018.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01495728408961817"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21319"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10409-009-0283-1"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","first-page":"452","article-title":"Numerical simulation of airflow in the human nose","volume":"261","author":"Weinhold I","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur Arch Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngol Head Neck"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2023.104171"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjy013"}],"container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lary.31688","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]],"date-time":"2024-08-22T01:48:05Z","timestamp":1724291285000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lary.31688"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,21]]},"references-count":28,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lary.31688"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.31688","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-852X","1531-4995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0023-852X","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-4995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-01-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"lary.31688"}}