{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T17:14:46Z","timestamp":1776878086901,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]],"date-time":"2024-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the effects of socioeconomic status (SES) on cutaneous melanoma of the head and neck.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Source<\/jats:title><jats:p>Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Review Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with cutaneous melanoma of the head and neck from 2006 to 2018, utilizing population\u2010based data including socioeconomic status (SES) assessed by the US\u2010based Yost quintile index. SES quintiles ranged from Group 1 (lowest) to Group 5 (highest). We examined disease severity at diagnosis (stage, Breslow thickness, and spread) and survival outcomes (overall survival, cause\u2010specific survival) to assess the impact of SES.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 53,967 melanomas of the head and neck were identified (14,146 females; 39,821 males; 51,890 white; 125 black; 317 other). Group 1 patients had a significantly higher percentage of end\u2010stage disease (stage IV) at diagnosis (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009101; 3.2% vs. <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009280; 1.9%, respectively) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), increased Breslow thickness (.80\u2009mm vs .60\u2009mm, respectively) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), and higher percentage of distant disease (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009152; 3.6% vs. <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009431; 2.1%, respectively) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Group 1 patients experienced a higher death rate from melanoma than group 5 patients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009585; 14% vs <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091,753; 8.6%). Survival increased with SES.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>When evaluating cutaneous melanoma of the head and neck, low SES is related to more severe disease at diagnosis and worse survival outcomes. Addressing the underlying causes of this relationship could lead to more equitable management and survival outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>III <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 2024<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.31730","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]],"date-time":"2024-08-26T11:44:14Z","timestamp":1724672654000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Role of Socioeconomic Status in Patients With Cutaneous Melanoma of the Head and Neck"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"suffix":"Jr","given":"R.","family":"William Stout","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Medicine  Memphis Tennessee U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2729-6329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nina","family":"Gallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery University of Tennessee Health Science Center  Memphis Tennessee U.S.A."},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010New Orleans Louisiana State University Health Science Center  New Orleans Louisiana United\u00a0States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Torres\u2010Small","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Medicine  Memphis Tennessee U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Okenwa","family":"Okose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery University of Tennessee Health Science Center  Memphis Tennessee U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chenhao","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine University of Tennessee Health Science Center  Memphis Tennessee U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7110-2256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tristan","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biostatistics \u2010 Department of Preventive Medicine University of Tennessee Health Science Center  Memphis Tennessee U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0325-5637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Gleysteen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery University of Tennessee Health Science Center  Memphis Tennessee U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. Burton","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery University of Tennessee Health Science Center  Memphis Tennessee U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"21","key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"591","article-title":"Vital signs: melanoma incidence and mortality trends and projections\u2014United States, 1982\u20132030","volume":"64","author":"Guy GP","year":"2015","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10337.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.28711"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1806-9282.62.03.280"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13500"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.08.097"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"RA163","article-title":"The effect of socioeconomic factors on incidence, stage at diagnosis and survival of cutaneous melanoma","volume":"11","author":"Reyes\u2010Ortiz CA","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.0016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare2010001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008952219416"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"1005","article-title":"Melanoma: epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, diagnosis and classification","volume":"28","author":"Rastrelli M","year":"2014","journal-title":"In Vivo"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107327481402100411"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2011.05.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-021-01166-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000468152"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-020-01361-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-15-2944"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107327480501200406"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2013.0409"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08111.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1000678"}],"container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lary.31730","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]],"date-time":"2024-10-29T12:39:29Z","timestamp":1730205569000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lary.31730"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]]},"references-count":21,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lary.31730"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.31730","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-852X","1531-4995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0023-852X","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-4995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-03-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-01","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"lary.31730"}}