{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T05:04:16Z","timestamp":1780031056055,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732147200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"\n Objective(s)<\/jats:title>\n To investigate the role of microRNA\u2010378 (miR\u2010378) in the regulation of mucin gene expression and inflammatory response in human middle ear epithelial cells (HMEEC) during bacterial infection by non\u2010typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Human middle ear epithelial cells (HMEEC) were cultured and transfected with miR\u2010378 or control miRNA. Post\u2010transfection, cells were exposed to NTHi lysates. mRNA levels of MUC5B, MUC5AC, and IL\u20108 were quantified using RT\u2010qPCR, and promoter activity was measured via luciferase assays. The effects of miR\u2010378 on mucin and cytokine gene expression were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Transfection with miR\u2010378 significantly increased the expression of MUC5B (3.6 fold,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.01), MUC5AC (19.1 fold,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.01), and IL\u20108 (2.01 fold,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05) in HMEEC. NTHi exposure reduced MUC5B (1.385 fold,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05) and MUC5AC (1.61 fold,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05) gene expression in miR\u2010378 transfected cells but significantly increased IL\u20108 levels (1.32 fold,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05). Luciferase assays showed that miR\u2010378 upregulated the promoter activity of MUC5B (1.4 fold,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.01) and MUC5AC (1.6 fold,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.01) genes, indicating its role in transcriptional regulation.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n miR\u2010378 plays a crucial role in promoting mucin overproduction and an inflammatory response in the middle ear epithelium during OM. Targeting miR\u2010378 could offer a novel therapeutic strategy for preventing the progression from AOM to COM.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n \n NA\n Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>\n , 135:1815\u20131820, 2025\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.31912","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T06:44:27Z","timestamp":1732171467000},"page":"1815-1820","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Middle Ear\n microRNAs<\/scp>\n Drive Mucin Gene Response"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"135","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9438-2517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Nahas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology Sheikh Zayed Center for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yajun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology Sheikh Zayed Center for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Apurva","family":"Ningundi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology Sheikh Zayed Center for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Tercyak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology Sheikh Zayed Center for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0075-8279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego","family":"Preciado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology Sheikh Zayed Center for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital Washington DC USA"},{"name":"Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology Children's National Hospital Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"BurrowsHL BlackwoodRA CookeJM et al.Otitis Media Guideline Team. University of Michigan Health System otitis media guideline.2013.http:\/\/www.med.umich.edu\/1info\/fhp\/practiceguides\/om\/OM.pdfAccessed May 16 2013."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","article-title":"Chronic suppurative otitis media","volume":"2012","author":"Morris P","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ Clin Evid"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0152865"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e3181eb2ecc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2017.25"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2015.2338"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2013.5184"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ctg.2013.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2508","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21014","article-title":"Cigarette smoke activates NF\u03baB\u2010mediated Tnf\u2010\u03b1 release from mouse middle ear cells","volume":"120","author":"Preciado D","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2005-0176OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JIM.0000000000000127"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.25056"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wrna.121"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proghi.2016.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2011.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12792"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26355\/eurrev_201906_18182"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201700248RR"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-002-3023-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.2001.280.6.L1157"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.139019"}],"container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lary.31912","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/lary.31912","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lary.31912","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T04:26:20Z","timestamp":1780028780000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lary.31912"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lary.31912"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.31912","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-852X","1531-4995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0023-852X","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-4995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-18","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}