{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T05:03:32Z","timestamp":1780031012614,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]],"date-time":"2024-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]],"date-time":"2024-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733356800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000038","name":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1U01FD006292\u201001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1U01FD006292\u201001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1K23DC021217\u201001A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1K23DC021217\u201001A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate temporal trends and identify patient characteristics associated with otitis media (OM) surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective cohort study performed using electronic health record data from seven large pediatric medical networks from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2022. Children &lt;6\u2009months old cohort entrance time and OM history were included and followed longitudinally.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The database included 1,448,390 children entering at age &lt;6\u2009months of which 5.3% underwent tympanostomy tube insertion (TTI). Inclusion criteria was met by 454,924 children. Age at first OM was 1.6\u2009years (standard deviation [SD]: 1.1), with mean follow\u2010up of 6.3\u2009years (SD 3.7), and 249,818 (54.9%) were male. Among children with OM 64,950 (14.3%) underwent only TTI, and 13,188 (2.9%) had TTI with adenoidectomy (TTI\u2010A). Over time, TTI only rates exhibited seasonal fluctuations with a drop in 2020, TTI\u2010A rates were flat. The following patient characteristics greatly increased TTI: sensorineural hearing loss (adjusted hazard ratio, aHR 4.0, [95% confidence interval, CI] 3.9\u20134.1), chronic adenoiditis (aHR 3.4 [95% CI 3.0\u20133.5]), and cleft palate (aHR 1.9 [95% CI 1.8\u20132.0]). Children 4\u20138\u2009years old (aHR &gt;11.7 [95% CI 10.6\u201316.4]), history of chronic adenoiditis (aHR 6.4 [95% CI 5.4\u20137.7]), or sleep disorders (aHR 4.9 [95% CI 4.7\u20135.2]) greatly increased TTI\u2010A odds.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall TTI rate was 5.3%, which increased to approximately 20% in children with OM. Aside from the COVID\u201019 pandemic, surgical rates have been stable. Though multiple characteristics increase the risk of TTI, sensorineural hearing loss for TTI only, and older age in the TTI\u2010A subset carried the highest risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      3\n                      <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>\n                      , 135:1821\u20131829, 2025\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.31916","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]],"date-time":"2024-12-05T04:15:30Z","timestamp":1733372130000},"page":"1821-1829","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Temporal Trends in and Patient Characteristics Associated with Surgery for Otitis Media"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"135","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1472-2034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kavita","family":"Dedhia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitchell","family":"Maltenfort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Clinical Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia  Philadelphia Pennsylvania U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenna","family":"Briddell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Nemours Children's Health  Wilmington Delaware U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Horn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Seattle Children's Hospital  Seattle Washington U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0576-2181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carol","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery University of Cincinnati  Cincinnati Ohio U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6857-2086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prasanth","family":"Pattisapu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Otolaryngology Nationwide Children's Hospital  Columbus Ohio U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0075-8279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego","family":"Preciado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Children's National Hospital  Washington DC U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cedric V.","family":"Pritchett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Nemours Children's Health  Orlando Florida U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd","family":"Wine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Children's Hospital Colorado  Aurora Colorado U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher B.","family":"Forrest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania U.S.A."},{"name":"Applied Clinical Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia  Philadelphia Pennsylvania U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-0181"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599815623467"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24190"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","volume-title":"Statistical Brief (Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (US))","author":"Soni A","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599813487302"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ambulatory surgery in the United States, 2006","volume":"11","author":"Cullen KA","year":"2009","journal-title":"Natl Health Stat Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599820917397"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2024.111921"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/160.1.83"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/15.7.437"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.99.3.318"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2009.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2009.07.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200303-365OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18553\/jmcp.2017.23.7.761"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2009.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000003123"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000002945"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2013.07.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.13431"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Comparability of race\u2010specific mortality data based on 1977 versus 1997 reporting standards","volume":"70","author":"Heron M","year":"2021","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00031305.1986.10475403"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/01945998211008916"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00034894211015741"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.90.2.245"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599810391428"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21090"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2016.06.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S2040174418000685"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0196-0709(85)80096-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016488809125029"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archoto.2010.70"}],"container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lary.31916","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/lary.31916","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lary.31916","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T04:26:10Z","timestamp":1780028770000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lary.31916"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lary.31916"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.31916","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-852X","1531-4995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0023-852X","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-4995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-08-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-06","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}