{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T05:03:57Z","timestamp":1780031037271,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732665600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the impact of transfemale gender\u2010affirming rhinoplasty on nasal appearance as evaluated by common facial analysis measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective case series of patients undergoing gender\u2010affirming nasal surgery at a single tertiary care center from March 2016 to July 2022. Pre\u2010 and postoperative photographs were analyzed, using iris width to normalize the measurements. Parametric tests were applied to identify differences in facial analytical measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 33 male to female transgender patients met the inclusion criteria for study entry. Reductive rhinoplasty techniques were frequently utilized. Osteotomies and dorsal reduction were performed in 90.9% and 72.7% of cases, respectively. Tip width decreased on average by 2.3\u2009mm. There was a mean increase of 10.0\u00b0 in nasolabial angle, and 5.5\u00b0 increase in nasofrontal angle. Among the 51.5% of patients who underwent alar base reduction, there was a mean decrease of 2.3\u2009mm in alar base width, and 3.1\u2009mm decrease in nasal width. Alar base excision and nasal tip grafting were utilized in 51.5% and 63.6% cases respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Transfemale gender\u2010affirming rhinoplasty techniques consistently and predictably altered facial analytical measures, and were effective in aligning nasal appearance with desired gender identity. Alar base excision and tip grafting were commonly employed techniques.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      4\u2014Quantitative cohort study\n                      <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>\n                      , 135:1691\u20131696, 2025\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.31928","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,28]],"date-time":"2024-11-28T02:33:45Z","timestamp":1732761225000},"page":"1691-1696","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Impact of Gender\u2010Affirming Rhinoplasty Techniques on Objective Facial Appearance"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"135","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7332-6998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shayan","family":"Fakurnejad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head &amp; Neck Surgery University of California  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea M.","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology Head &amp; Neck Surgery University of California  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2775-530X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rahul","family":"Seth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology Head &amp; Neck Surgery University of California  San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Golden State Plastic Surgery  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8986-5961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P. Daniel","family":"Knott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology Head &amp; Neck Surgery University of California  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2016.303578"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/SH17067"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-015-0614-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpsam.2022.0049"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpsam.2021.0301"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-010-9668-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2019.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/tau.2019.04.09"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2023.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2019.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpsam.2022.0315"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cps.2021.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpsam.2022.0215"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpsam.2022.0136"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000004717"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpsam.2021.0060"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2010.07.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-26376-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.SCS.0000436677.51573.a6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000298095.18943.72"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-199709000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.24154"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchb.2015.10.001"}],"container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lary.31928","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/lary.31928","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lary.31928","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T04:26:55Z","timestamp":1780028815000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lary.31928"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lary.31928"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.31928","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-852X","1531-4995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0023-852X","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-4995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-04-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-06-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}