{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T20:41:59Z","timestamp":1790023319682,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738108800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006370","name":"Small Business Innovation Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["140D0419C0095"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["140D0419C0095"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006370","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006370","name":"Small Business Innovation Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R43HL164326"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R43HL164326"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006370","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ultrasound is a promising low\u2010risk imaging modality that can provide objective airway measurements that may circumvent limitations of drug\u2010induced sleep endoscopy (DISE). This study was devised to identify ultrasound\u2010derived anatomical measurements that could accurately predict collapse pattern and location based on the VOTE criteria (VOTE: Velum, Oropharynx, Tongue, and Epiglottis).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Ultrasonography was performed on 20 adult patients of various airway subsites while awake and sedated with concurrent endoscopy performed during drug\u2010induced sleep. Measurements were obtained from the ultrasonographic images, and percent collapse (P\n                      <jats:sub>c<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) was estimated then graded using a standard VOTE score. Generalized Least Squares regression (GLS) was used to establish models predictive of P\n                      <jats:sub>c<\/jats:sub>\n                      on a continuous scale, while multiple machine learning (ML) models were trained to predict each VOTE score (binary, &gt;50% collapse) from ultrasound measurements.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Measurements of multiple ultrasonographic airway subsites demonstrated associations with endoscopic collapse using Kendall Tau correlation. The GLS models showed moderate to strong correlation between multiple ultrasound features and P\n                      <jats:sub>c<\/jats:sub>\n                      (R\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      <jats:sub>adj<\/jats:sub>\n                      0.53\u20130.82) across all VOTE subsites. ML models accurately predicted binarized VOTE scores from ultrasound measurements in four out of five VOTE subsites (F1 score &gt;0.65), while the VOTE subsite with the most accurately predicted collapse was lateral velum collapse with an F1 score of 0.93 averaged across all models.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ultrasound is a reliable imaging modality and can identify features of airway collapse during drug\u2010induced sleep. Regression (GLS) and ML models show promise in predicting severity of collapse during DISE with analysis of airway ultrasonographic measurements.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      3\n                      <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>\n                      , 135:1642\u20131651, 2025\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.31950","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T04:02:03Z","timestamp":1738123323000},"page":"1642-1651","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Ultrasound Predicts Drug\u2010Induced Sleep Endoscopy Findings Using Machine Learning Models"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"135","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4597-2033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel E.","family":"Jones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology University of Maryland Medical Center  Baltimore Maryland U.S.A."},{"name":"Department of Surgery Ascension Saint Agnes Hospital  Baltimore Maryland U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Aw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sonosa Medical, Inc.  Baltimore Maryland U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Molly","family":"Acord","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sonosa Medical, Inc.  Baltimore Maryland U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sonosa Medical, Inc.  Baltimore Maryland U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Sidelnikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology University of Maryland Medical Center  Baltimore Maryland U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7172-0035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sunny J.","family":"Haft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology University of Maryland Medical Center  Baltimore Maryland U.S.A."},{"name":"Department of Surgery Ascension Saint Agnes Hospital  Baltimore Maryland U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2008-6107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen M.","family":"Restaino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sonosa Medical, Inc.  Baltimore Maryland U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3978\/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.06.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200712-1809OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.14.1829"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.2090"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)71141-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.49.3.263"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-008-0188-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/194589240602000202"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2015.8.11716"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599818762383"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.28286"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/01455613211001132"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-022-02663-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200208-866OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.4072"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otot.2011.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24045"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000260628.88402.8A"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-124503"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2020.05.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-022-02597-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0062848"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12515"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13032"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.30457"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29852"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.30285"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27850"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599819900014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.30894"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/CCI.19.00131"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25589"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsad077.0427"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29396"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21749"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-022-02682-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.00929"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.122.3.829"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.01.17100790"}],"container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lary.31950","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/lary.31950","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lary.31950","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T04:25:54Z","timestamp":1780028754000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lary.31950"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lary.31950"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.31950","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-852X","1531-4995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0023-852X","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-4995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-05-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-15","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}