{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T23:04:15Z","timestamp":1784156655815,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742342400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sialendoscopy is a minimally invasive technique for treating inflammatory salivary gland diseases, requiring hands\u2010on training due to its steep learning curve. While pig heads have been the standard training model for over two decades, sheep heads have recently emerged as an alternative. This study evaluates the efficiency of sheep heads for sialendoscopy training in newcomers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants of the 32nd International Sialendoscopy Hands\u2010on Course (Geneva, 2023) performed sialendoscopies on fresh pig and sheep heads. Self\u2010assessment questionnaires were completed pre\u2010 and post\u2010training, with procedures rated on a Likert scale. Tutors evaluated participants using standardized assessments and recorded procedural times.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 52 participants from 27 countries, significant improvement in diagnostic sialendoscopy comfort was reported for both models post\u2010training. Female participants demonstrated higher success rates than male participants in diagnostic (2.8 vs. 2.5, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03) and therapeutic (2.9 vs. 2.4, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03) procedures. More participants successfully cannulated the parotid duct on sheep heads, while submandibular gland performance was comparable across models. Self\u2010assessments favored sheep for parotid (63%) and pigs for submandibular (79%). Overall, 53% preferred the pig model, while 47% preferred the sheep.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both models are effective for training, with sheep heads offering advantages for parotid duct procedures. Despite the pig model's broader applications, logistical, cultural, and ethical constraints make sheep heads a viable alternative for sialendoscopy training.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>N\/A.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.32126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T07:54:43Z","timestamp":1742370883000},"page":"2741-2747","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Sheep Head Versus the Pig Head as a Training Model for Sialendoscopy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"135","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1186-4181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Urs","family":"Borner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"},{"name":"European Sialendoscopy Training Center  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5666-2092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel","family":"Tschopp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology Weill Cornell  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olcay Cem","family":"Bulut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ORL\u2010HNS Rhein\u2010Neckar Zentrum Mannheim  Viernheim Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederic","family":"Faure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ORL\u2010HNS University Hospital Lyon  Lyon 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Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahoor","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ORL\u2010HNS University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Eisele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8686-6603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandro","family":"de Paiva Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ORL\u2010HNS University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Caversaccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6927-0664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lukas","family":"Anschuetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"},{"name":"CHUV Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL)  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean Michel","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ORL\u2010HNS, OMFS Hospital Center of Perpignan  Perpignan France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francois","family":"Marchal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Sialendoscopy Training Center  Geneva 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