{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T04:16:02Z","timestamp":1773029762279,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]],"date-time":"2025-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742515200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has emerged as a minimally invasive treatment for benign thyroid nodules. However, concerns exist about potential cytological progression following RFA. This study investigated the incidence of progression from benign (Bethesda II) to indeterminate (Bethesda III\u2013IV) cytology and evaluated RFA's long\u2010term efficacy and safety.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective study included patients with benign thyroid nodules treated with RFA from July 2019 to December 2023. Pre\u2010 and post\u2010ablation fine\u2010needle aspiration (FNA) cytology results were analyzed. Treatment efficacy was assessed through nodular volume changes and thyroid function, while safety was evaluated through complication rates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 312 benign thyroid nodules treated with RFA, post\u2010ablation FNA showed 12 cases (3.84%) progressed to Bethesda III, all confirmed benign by Afirma Gene Sequencing Classifier. Three patients underwent surgical resection due to inadequate volume reduction, with histopathology confirming benign nature. RFA achieved sustained nodular volume reduction, with a median reduction rate of 88% at 60 months. The overall complication rate was 3.2%, with no major complications requiring hospitalization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RFA demonstrates low risk of cytological progression and high efficacy in treating benign thyroid nodules. The significant volume reduction and favorable safety profile support RFA as a viable surgical alternative in selected patients. Future studies with larger cohorts and longer follow\u2010up are needed to validate these findings and identify treatment success predictors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>3<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.32130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,23]],"date-time":"2025-03-23T07:44:10Z","timestamp":1742715850000},"page":"2638-2644","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cytological Alterations of Benign Thyroid Nodules Following Radiofrequency Ablation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"135","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5895-4403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emad","family":"Kandil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Tulane University School of Medicine  New Orleans Louisiana USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad H.","family":"Hussein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ochsner Clinic Foundation  New Orleans Louisiana USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kavin","family":"Sugumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Tulane University School of Medicine  New Orleans Louisiana USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Milee","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tulane University School of Medicine  New Orleans Louisiana USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5436-3649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marika","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5373-9181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory","family":"Randolph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9267-3787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eman A.","family":"Toraih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Tulane University School of Medicine  New Orleans Louisiana USA"},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Perfusion, Interprofessional Research, College of Health Professions Upstate Medical University  Syracuse New York USA"},{"name":"Genetics Unit, Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine Suez Canal University  Ismailia Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2009.02162.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-022-03005-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab917"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2017.0500"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8095378"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231911493"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-1806"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15072098"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-02808"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jasc.2023.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2019.34.2.169"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2024.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/576576"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-10-230"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-8-73"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2023.0041"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2022.0516"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","first-page":"1039","article-title":"The 2023 Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology","volume":"33","author":"Ali S. 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