{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T00:36:54Z","timestamp":1781915814782,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]],"date-time":"2025-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742774400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine both the short\u2010 and long\u2010term risks of meningitis in children and adolescents undergoing transsphenoidal skull base surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective analysis of the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database over a 10\u2010year period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The PHIS database was reviewed to identify individuals \u2264\u200918\u2009years of age who underwent endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery from 2012 to 2022. Data regarding patient demographics, length of stay, and need for revision surgery was recorded. To assess both the short\u2010 and long\u2010term risk of postoperative meningitis, a PHIS query was performed for all readmissions of the initial cohort between 2012 and 2024. Any readmission related to meningitis was reviewed and analyzed.\u2009Subgroup analysis was performed based on patient age at initial surgery, gender, geographic region, insurance carrier, and need for revision surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Total of 476 patients (501 cases) with a mean age of 12.8\u2009years (SD: 4.0\u2009years) met inclusion criteria. Twenty\u2010four patients (5.0%) developed meningitis, 13 (2.7%) during their initial hospitalization and 11 (2.3%) following discharge, the latter within a range of 0.4\u201338.9\u2009months (mean 8.1\u2009months). Length of stay was significantly higher in patients who developed meningitis. Younger age at the time of surgery was the only risk factor identified.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The short\u2010term risk of postoperative meningitis following pediatric transsphenoidal skull base surgery is similar to that of the adult population. The long\u2010term risk is also low, with most cases occurring within 1\u2009year of discharge. Patients &lt;\u200912\u2009years of age have the highest risk and warrant consideration of prophylactic antibiotics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>4.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.32133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]],"date-time":"2025-03-25T01:25:28Z","timestamp":1742865928000},"page":"2942-2948","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Short\u2010 and Long\u2010Term Risk of Meningitis Following Pediatric Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"135","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6249-1376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eelam A.","family":"Adil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement Boston Children's Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2031-0458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlotte","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement Boston Children's Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hae\u2010Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement Boston Children's Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Cunningham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement Boston Children's Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.10.PEDS13303"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"24","article-title":"Outcomes in Pediatric Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery: A Systematic Review","volume":"84","author":"Lopez E. M.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2007.00688.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2007.00625.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-022-02436-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-1071"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.14-0794"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.2023-006013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599811411534"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1696999"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2015.12.105"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2014.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e3180caa177"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","first-page":"390","article-title":"Perioperative Antibiotic Use in Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery","volume":"83","author":"Nakhla M. N.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11070856"}],"container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lary.32133","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]],"date-time":"2025-09-06T07:41:50Z","timestamp":1757144510000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lary.32133"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lary.32133"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.32133","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-852X","1531-4995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0023-852X","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-4995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-08-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-28","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-24","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}