{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T15:41:20Z","timestamp":1791301280416,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743984000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007278","name":"Henry Ford Health System","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Dept of Otolaryngology internal funding"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Dept of Otolaryngology internal funding"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007278","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sensory and autonomic nerves supply the sinonasal mucosa and contribute to the pathophysiology of certain forms of chronic rhinitis, rhinosinusitis, and craniofacial pain. The compositions of these intranasal nerves have been incompletely studied. The purpose of this cadaveric study was to investigate the relative areas of sensory, parasympathetic, and sympathetic nerve fibers within different nasal nerves.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ten fresh cadaver heads were dissected, and anterior ethmoid (AEN), posterior nasal (PNN), and posterolateral (PLNN) sections were harvested unilaterally via endonasal and transorbital approaches. Specimens were formalin\u2010fixed, sectioned, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, as well as for neuropeptides (substance\u2010P, calcitonin gene\u2010related peptide [CGRP], neurokinins\u2010A and B [NKA, NKB], vasointestinal peptide [VIP], neuropeptide Y [NPY]), and enzymes (choline acetyltransferase [ChAT] and tyrosine hydroxylase [TH]). Enzyme and neuropeptide nerve marker percent areas were calculated using brightfield analysis. Sensory and autonomic nerve marker percent areas were then compared within and between AENs, PNNs, and PLNNs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 10 PNNs and AENs and 8 PLNNs were available for analyses. Sensory, parasympathetic, and sympathetic nerve markers were identified in every PNN, PLNN, and AEN, and were mostly equivalent between nerves. Only neurokinin\u2010A demonstrated a significantly greater percent area than other markers across different nasal nerves.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sensory and autonomic nerve markers were present in all AENs, PNNs, and PLNNs, and were largely equivalent between nerves. NKA presented the greatest percent area consistently across each of the nerve types. Future studies should explore the relative contributions of sensory versus autonomic dysfunction in chronic rhinitis, rhinosinusitis, and craniofacial pain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>Level 4.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.32164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T08:38:33Z","timestamp":1744015113000},"page":"2702-2712","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Sensory and Autonomic Fibers in Anterior Ethmoid, Posterior Nasal, Posterolateral Nasal Nerves"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"135","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7377-4782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John R.","family":"Craig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery Henry Ford Health  Detroit Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5877-634X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William","family":"Mason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery Henry Ford Health  Detroit Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffroy","family":"Laumet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Human Medicine Michigan State University  East Lansing Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wamidh","family":"Alkhoory","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Henry Ford Health  Detroit Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark D.","family":"Hensley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hensely Biostats  Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Desiree","family":"Holleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerin Medical Inc.  Mountain View California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noor","family":"Hason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerin Medical Inc.  Mountain View California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24926"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21797"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"299","article-title":"Nasal Hyperreactivity in Allergic Rhinitis and Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Polyps: A Role for Neuronal Pathways","volume":"62","author":"Backaert W.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2006.00688.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00034894221111254"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.20011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.808"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.23199"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22330"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.586037"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2009.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016487209138970"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016486509128547"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb\/8.2.176"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","first-page":"153","article-title":"The Cholinergic Innervation of the Human Nasal Mucosa. A Histochemical Study","volume":"32","author":"Ishii T.","year":"1970","journal-title":"Practica oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngologica"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22001"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Trigeminal Function in Sino\u2010Nasal Health and Disease","volume":"11","author":"Shusterman D.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomedicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-12386-3_17"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2004.02.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb\/4.3.228"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03655230410017733"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1991.tb09143.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.23495"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.08.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2013.10.006"}],"container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lary.32164","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]],"date-time":"2025-09-06T07:42:09Z","timestamp":1757144529000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lary.32164"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lary.32164"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.32164","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-852X","1531-4995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0023-852X","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-4995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-01-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}