{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T19:06:59Z","timestamp":1757617619479,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]],"date-time":"2025-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Laryngeal cancer is a prevalent malignant neoplasm, with early\u2010stage glottic tumors treated with surgery or radiotherapy. Radioresistance significantly complicates treatment, highlighting the necessity for early detection methods. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between tumor budding and radiotherapy outcomes in affected patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This investigation encompassed patients diagnosed with early\u2010stage squamous cell carcinoma of the glottic larynx who received radiotherapy and had a minimum follow\u2010up of 1\u2009year. Pathological specimens collected at diagnosis were reassessed for tumor budding. The data were analyzed to determine the best cut\u2010off value for tumor budding to predict radioresistance and differences in survival based on tumor budding cut\u2010off value.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study cohort comprised 49 patients who met the pre\u2010established criteria. The radioresistant group comprised 14 patients. All except one patient were male (mean age: 64\u2009years). The best cut\u2010off value for tumor budding was determined as 2. Patients categorized into high risk (tumor budding \u2265\u20092) had a significantly higher chance of radiotherapy failure than those with low risk (tumor budding &lt;\u20092, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AUC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2009=\u20090.696; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.034; sensitivity\u2009=\u200978.6%; specificity\u2009=\u200962.9%). The high risk group also had a significantly reduced 5\u2010year disease\u2010free survival compared to the low risk group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.008). Overall survival was similar.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prognosis for early\u2010stage glottic laryngeal cancer is generally favorable, yet a standardized risk stratification tool for treatment selection remains lacking. Tumor budding assessment in routine histopathology could help identify patients at higher risk of recurrence, guiding decisions on radiotherapy intensity and post\u2010treatment surveillance. Integrating tumor budding into clinical practice may support more personalized treatment strategies, ultimately improving patient outcomes.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n<jats:bold>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:bold> 3.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.32218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]],"date-time":"2025-04-26T07:29:28Z","timestamp":1745652568000},"page":"3222-3228","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Role of Tumor Budding in Early\u2010Stage Laryngeal Cancer Treatment Selection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"135","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8184-7454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet","family":"Birinci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Faculty of Medicine  Rize T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4626-0820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"O\u011fuz","family":"G\u00fcl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Ak\u00e7aabat Ha\u00e7kal\u0131 Baba State Hospital  Trabzon T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7481-4718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"O\u011fuzhan","family":"Okcu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Faculty of Medicine  Rize T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8713-0251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tu\u011fba","family":"Yemi\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Faculty of Medicine  Rize T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4541-881X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bayram","family":"\u015een","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Training and Research Hospital  Rize T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9833-402X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Metin","family":"\u00c7eliker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Faculty of Medicine  Rize T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2587-214X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c7i\u011fdem","family":"\u00d6zt\u00fcrk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Faculty of Medicine  Rize T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9245-1551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00d6zlem \u00c7elebi","family":"Erdivanl\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Faculty of Medicine  Rize T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"M.Birinci F.Beyazal \u00c7eliker T.Yemi\u015f et\u00a0al. \u201cComparison of Computed Tomography Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Positron Emission Tomography in Detecting Cartilage Invas\u0131on in Larynx Cancers \u201d2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.12139"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"124","article-title":"Ki\u201067 Expression Predicts Radiotherapy Failure in Early Glottic Cancer","volume":"41","author":"Nichols A. 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