{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T06:10:04Z","timestamp":1758953404672,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746748800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background\/Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tumor progression and first recurrence (TPR) after curative treatment for olfactory neuroblastoma can be regarded as primary treatment failure. Prognostic parameters for TPR and primary tumor\u2010progression\u2010free and recurrence\u2010free survival (TPRFS) have not been sufficiently investigated in the literature.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data for 43 patients were analyzed retrospectively to evaluate prognostic parameters for TPR after curative treatment for olfactory neuroblastoma: age, age &lt; \/ \u2265\u200950\u2009years, sex, tumor classifications, curative therapy (monotherapy vs. combined, R0 vs. R1\/2\/x resection), Hyams\u2010grade (grades, grade I\u2013II\/III\u2013IV), and Ki\u201067 labeling index (values, labeling index &lt; \/ \u2265\u200910%). The primary endpoints were TPR and TPRFS. Parameters that were significant after univariate analysis and Kaplan\u2013Meier survival analysis were included in multiple regression and Cox regression analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After univariate analysis, younger age (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.032) and higher Ki\u201067 values (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001) were significantly negatively associated with time to the development of TPR. TPRFS according to Kaplan\u2013Meier was significantly poorer with Hyams\u2010grade III\u2013IV (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002) and Ki\u201067\u2009\u2265\u200910% (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001). After Cox regression analysis, TPRFS according to Kaplan\u2013Meier was weekly significantly poorer for younger age (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.033) and highly significantly worse for Hyams\u2010grade III\u2013IV (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.005) and a Ki\u201067 LI \u2265\u200910% (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.009). Tumor\u2010stage classifications and all therapeutical parameters were not significantly associated with TPRFS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Out of a panel of parameters tested, younger age, Hyams\u2010grade III\u2013IV, and a Ki\u201067 LI \u2265\u200910% were significantly associated with a significantly worse TPRFS after multivariate Cox regression analysis. In particular, parameters such as Hyams\u2010grade and the Ki\u201067 LI should be included in management considerations in olfactory neuroblastoma at an early stage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>3<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.32238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T08:58:43Z","timestamp":1746781123000},"page":"3691-3702","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hyams Grade and Ki\u201067 as Predictive Factors for Primary Treatment Failure in Olfactory Neuroblastoma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"135","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7838-6490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Koch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery University of Erlangen\u2013Nuremberg  Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mathias","family":"Balk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery University of Erlangen\u2013Nuremberg  Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"Schlaffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery University of Erlangen\u2013Nuremberg  Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abbas","family":"Agaimy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology University of Erlangen\u2013Nuremberg  Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heinrich","family":"Iro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery University of Erlangen\u2013Nuremberg  Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarina","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery University of Erlangen\u2013Nuremberg  Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2003.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1321512"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24562"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-020-01667-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29732"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11092288"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22027"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-017-3247-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.24770"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyx535"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/sajc.sajc_273_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.25558"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2020.104618"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bulcan.2020.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2021.110696"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.624960"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-3402026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2021.09.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2021.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyae062"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.6943"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.133.3.276"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-014-0547-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S151945"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.25293"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10122685"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197603)37:3<1571::AID-CNCR2820370347>3.0.CO;2-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199305000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-199208000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100141295"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-199011000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0347(200009)22:6<550::AID-HED2>3.0.CO;2-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200008000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.129.11.1186"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.2.JNS091897"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2012.05.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2012.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489414526368"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2014.2541"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-014-0423-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22373"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","first-page":"599","article-title":"New System Combining Hyams Grading System and Modified Kadish Stage to Evaluate the Progress of Esthesioneuroblastoma","volume":"33","author":"Lai Y. Y.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1692479"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-021-03746-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.23007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097\u20100142(19950701)76:1<>3.0.co;2\u2010e"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2015.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/his.13954"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.23641"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599820915487"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.26559"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2023.1939"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02996853"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2000-9142"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200301000-00029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.28154"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000002114"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e449","DOI":"10.1227\/ons.0000000000000649","article-title":"Operative Technique and Complication Management in a Case of Giant Esthesioneuroblastoma Resected by a Combined Transcranial and Endonasal Endoscopic Approach: Technical Case Report","volume":"24","author":"McAvoy M.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Operative Neurosurgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19801201)46:11<2509::AID-CNCR2820461132>3.0.CO;2-Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.132.2.134"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archoto.2009.143"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s\u20100030\u20101254406"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e31827fcdc2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-014-3035-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2015.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15051506"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","article-title":"Failure Patterns of Recurrence in Patients With Localized Esthesioneuroblastoma Following Surgery and Adjuvant Radiotherapy Without Elective Nodal Irradiation","volume":"15","author":"Katano A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2023.155040"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.23351"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2024.1.JNS23730"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489420939582"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.225"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3182632038"}],"container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lary.32238","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T05:49:35Z","timestamp":1758952175000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lary.32238"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lary.32238"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.32238","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-852X","1531-4995"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0023-852X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1531-4995"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-02-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-18","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}