{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T12:14:23Z","timestamp":1789820063994,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746662400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>A rat model of reflux\u2010induced secretory otitis media was constructed by injecting artificial gastric juice to investigate the effects of acidic reflux fluid on the structure and function of the mucosa of the rat eustachian tube (ET), and to explore the pathogenesis of reflux\u2010induced secretory otitis media.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The ET pharyngeal orifice of Sprague\u2013Dawley (SD) rats was exposed to the artificial gastric juice in the experimental groups. Then optical and electron microscopic examinations were performed to observe the differences in the histological structure of the rat ET, and high\u2010speed video microscopy analysis was used to observe the beating frequency of the mucosal cilia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After exposure to artificial gastric juice, thickened ET mucosa and an increased number of goblet cells were observed in the 3\u2010day post\u2010exposure group, which basically returned to normal in the 7\u2010 and 14\u2010day post\u2010exposure groups. In the 3\u2010day post\u2010exposure group, the density of mitochondria was increased, and the Golgi complex was dilated. In the 14\u2010day post\u2010exposure group, the structure of intracellular organelles was almost restored to normal. The ciliary beating frequency decreased in the 3\u2010 and 7\u2010day post\u2010exposure groups. In the 14\u2010day post\u2010exposure group, ciliary beating was basically restored to the level of the 3\u2010day post\u2010exposure group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>After gastric juice exposure, the goblet cells of the ET mucosal epithelium secreted vigorously, the structure of the organelles in the ciliated cells was damaged, the beating function was compromised, and the mucociliary clearance function was impaired. The damages were reversible, and the structural recovery occurred earlier than the functional recovery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>N\/A.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.32245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T09:25:12Z","timestamp":1746696312000},"page":"3850-3858","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effects of Gastric Juice Exposure on Structure and Function of Rat Eustachian Tube"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"135","author":[{"given":"Hui","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Senior Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the 6th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital Chinese PLA Medical School  Beijing China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Hearing and Balance Science  Beijing China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for 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