{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T05:08:09Z","timestamp":1793423289408,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the available evidence on the metabolic outcomes of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) surgery and identify gaps in the current literature.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Sources<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Review Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Search strategy was developed with a senior informationist at our institution. Metabolic measures of interest included insulin resistance, fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), inflammatory markers, adipokines, lipid profiles, and body mass index (BMI). Title, abstract, and full\u2010text screening were performed by three reviewers with subsequent narrative synthesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      3484 studies were initially identified, with 160 meeting inclusion criteria. 129 studies were included solely due to reporting of pre\u2010 and post\u2010operative BMIs. The remaining 31 studies (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091675 participants) examined other metabolic outcomes and included various categories of OSA surgery: soft tissue surgery alone (58.1%) or in combination with nasal or skeletal surgery (32.3%), upper airway stimulation (6.5%), and skeletal surgery alone (3.2%). Within the 31 studies, the most commonly examined metabolic outcomes were C\u2010reactive protein (CRP, 45.1%), lipid profiles (45.1%), TNF\u2010\u03b1 and IL\u20106 (25.8%), fasting glucose (25.8%), leptin (22.6%), HbA1c (19.4%), and insulin resistance (16.1%). Most studies demonstrated improvements in CRP, TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20106, and leptin, but no changes in fasting glucose, insulin resistance, or HbA1c. None of the included studies examined BMI as a primary outcome.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The existing literature suggests that OSA surgery is associated with improvements in inflammatory markers. The paucity of studies on the metabolic outcomes of upper airway stimulation and skeletal surgery highlights knowledge gaps for these OSA surgeries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.32255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T10:03:13Z","timestamp":1747044193000},"page":"3508-3519","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Metabolic Outcomes of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Surgery: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"135","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5202-6888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel B.","family":"Kutler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, NewYork\u2010Presbyterian\/Columbia University Irving Medical Center  New York New York 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