{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T15:32:58Z","timestamp":1784302378508,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752192000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013236","name":"MSD Life Science Foundation, Public Interest Incorporated Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013236","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25jf0126005h0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25jf0126005h0003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP23jf0126005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP23jf0126005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17K11355"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17K11355"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20K22998"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20K22998"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21K09558"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21K09558"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21KK0287"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21KK0287"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007428","name":"Naito Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007428","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Epithelial cell\u2010derived cytokines play a key role in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNPs). Short\u2010chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are carboxylic acids with 1\u20136 carbon atoms that are produced by the microbiota, which play a significant role in inflammation. We evaluated the potential role of SCFAs in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gene expression levels of G protein\u2010coupled receptor 41\/free fatty acid receptor 3 (GPR41\/FFAR3), GPR43\/FFAR2, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), interleukin (IL)\u201025, and IL\u201033 in nasal polyp (NP) tissues were analyzed using quantitative real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction. Primary normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells were stimulated with polyinosinic\u2010polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) in the presence or absence of SCFAs, and TSLP levels were measured. Immunohistochemical analysis was conducted to evaluate GPR41 expression in eosinophils and the Eol\u20101 human eosinophilic leukemic cell line (Eol\u20101 cells). The viability of Eol\u20101 cells treated with propionic acid was also assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both GPR41 and GPR43 mRNA expression was significantly higher in ECRS\u2010NPs than in non\u2010ECRS\u2010NPs. The level of TSLP mRNA expression was also significantly elevated in ECRS\u2010NPs that correlated with eosinophil counts in NP tissues. Although poly(I:C) stimulation induced TSLP expression in NHBE cells, acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid significantly suppressed TSLP expression in a concentration\u2010dependent manner. GPR43 was expressed in eosinophils from NP tissues and Eol\u20101 cells. 1\u2009mM propionic acid significantly suppressed Eol\u20101 cell survival.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SCFAs, particularly propionic acid, may be effective in treating ECRS by suppressing TSLP expression and eosinophils.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.32414","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T07:12:13Z","timestamp":1752217933000},"page":"4606-4614","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Feasibility of Treating Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis Using Short\u2010Chain Fatty Acids"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"135","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7982-7608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rikako","family":"Gozawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head &amp; Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Fukui  Fukui Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshimasa","family":"Imoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head &amp; Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Fukui  Fukui Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Sonoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head &amp; Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Fukui  Fukui Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayako","family":"Maegawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head &amp; Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Fukui  Fukui Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head &amp; Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Fukui  Fukui Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masanori","family":"Kidoguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head &amp; Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Fukui  Fukui Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keisuke","family":"Koyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head &amp; Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Fukui  Fukui Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7746-6824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naoto","family":"Adachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head &amp; Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Fukui  Fukui Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taiyo","family":"Morikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head &amp; Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Fukui  Fukui Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuto","family":"Miyazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head &amp; Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Fukui  Fukui Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyoko","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head &amp; Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Fukui  Fukui Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masafumi","family":"Sakashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head &amp; Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Fukui  Fukui Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9460-7377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shigeharu","family":"Fujieda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head &amp; Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Fukui  Fukui Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajr.2008.22.3228"},{"issue":"29","key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020","volume":"58","author":"Fokkens W. J.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9072285"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.06.063"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2021.11.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13042"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12644"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14906"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-021-00538-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.28858"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.06.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2022.02.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.11.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10213"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1990.70.2.567"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25638"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954422410000089"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3444"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1241165"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00440.2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08530"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8320"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M301403200"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M211609200"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13119"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.115.102301"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10111568"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35099560"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20080091"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.2.1080"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201412-2278OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10428199209053629"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2010.117"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14728222.2020.1783242"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2009-0168OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1402895"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202210-2005OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-024-01186-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2414482"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13223-023-00823-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2005.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2018.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gaaa025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21145088"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(17)30344-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1328263"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4168\/aair.2010.2.2.87"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2022.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.16378"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.05.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00057"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2021.03.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2014.09.004"}],"container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lary.32414","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T09:09:23Z","timestamp":1765876163000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lary.32414"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lary.32414"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.32414","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-852X","1531-4995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0023-852X","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-4995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}