{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:48:32Z","timestamp":1786978112799,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n \n To compare the efficacy of classical olfactory training (COT) protocols with a novel dual\u2010route method targeting both orthonasal and retronasal pathways in the management of postinfectious olfactory dysfunction (\n PIOD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), and to explore the neurotherapeutic potential of terpene\u2010based odorants.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n One hundred and seventeen patients diagnosed with\n PIOD<\/jats:styled-content>\n received either conventional olfactory training or a modified protocol that integrates retronasal stimulation. The terpene profile of administered odorants was evaluated for its contribution to olfactory and cognitive outcomes.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n This study had five major findings: (1) The Terpene\u2010Centered Orthonasal and Retronasal Olfactory Training (\n TCOT<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) group showed significantly greater improvements in Sniffin' Sticks\n TDI<\/jats:styled-content>\n and odor identification scores at the 9th and 12th months compared to the\n COT<\/jats:styled-content>\n and Modified Olfactory Training (\n MOT<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) groups (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001); (2) Retronasal olfactory scores improved significantly more in the\n TCOT<\/jats:styled-content>\n group at the 9th and 12th months (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001); (3) Clinically meaningful improvement (\u2265\u20096\u2010point\n TDI<\/jats:styled-content>\n gain) was most frequent in\n TCOT<\/jats:styled-content>\n participants at all time points beyond 6\u2009months; (4)\n TCOT<\/jats:styled-content>\n participants exhibited the greatest reductions in parosmia severity at 6, 9, and 12\u2009months (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05); (5) Cognitive complaints, as measured by\n CFQ<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20105 scores, improved most markedly in the\n TCOT<\/jats:styled-content>\n group, with significant differences at the 6th (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001) and 12th (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.02) months.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Incorporating retronasal training and terpene\u2010rich odorants in olfactory rehabilitation may improve outcomes in\n PIOD<\/jats:styled-content>\n . These findings support the integration of terpene\u2010centered, multimodal olfactory training into clinical rehabilitation strategies for\n PIOD<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Level of Evidence:<\/jats:bold>\n Level 2.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.32432","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T11:55:03Z","timestamp":1752753303000},"page":"4615-4624","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Terpene\u2010Centered Olfactory Training in Postinfectious Olfactory Dysfunction: A Dual\u2010Route Approach"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"135","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0794-5050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aytug","family":"Altundag","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Biruni University School of Medicine \u0130stanbul 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