{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T17:45:05Z","timestamp":1776879905607,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754611200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100030719","name":"National Institute of Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R25DC020173"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R25DC020173"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100030719","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n A clinical swallow evaluation (CSE) is a subjective exam with limited diagnostic accuracy. We hypothesize that audiometric data collected superficially can enhance the detection of swallowing dysfunction. This study examines audiometric differences between normal and dysfunctional swallows on Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES) using a digital stethoscope.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n In this single\u2010center prospective study, adult patients undergoing FEES for dysphagia had a digital stethoscope placed on the left neck. Audiometric data were analyzed by consistency and compared to Penetration\u2010Aspiration Scale (PAS) and Yale Pharyngeal Residue Severity Rating Scale (YPS) scores.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Forty\u2010nine patients with a total of 617 individual swallow events were included. Twenty\u2010two patients (45%) had a PAS score of 1\u20132, 20 (41%) had a PAS score of 3\u20135, and 7 (14%) had a score of PAS 6\u20138. Multivariable analysis revealed significant differences in swallow duration (\n F<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20094.65;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.01), peak amplitude (\n F<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200910.6;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.0001), area under the curve (\n F<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20096.13;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.002), and median frequency (\n F<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20098.52;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.0002). Patients with PAS \u2265\u20093 had prolonged swallow (5.4\u2009s versus 3.3\u2009s,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.0001), lower peak amplitudes (0.25\u2009dB versus 0.32\u2009dB;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001), and a lower median frequency (169.4\u2009Hz versus 214.8\u2009Hz;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.0001) compared to those with PAS 1\u20132. Higher YPS scores (III\u2013V) were associated with a longer swallow duration (5.5\u2009s versus 3.5\u2009s,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.0001) and lower median frequency (158.1\u2009Hz versus 221.1\u2009Hz;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.0005).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Audiometric data reveals significant differences in swallow duration, amplitude, and frequency in patients with swallow dysfunction. These findings suggest that audiometric analysis may serve as a valuable adjunct to the standard CSE.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n 3.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.70012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T07:23:58Z","timestamp":1754637838000},"page":"143-150","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sounding out Dysphagia: Using a Digital Stethoscope to Assess Audiometric Differences in Swallowing"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"136","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3126-1655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Yousef","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery University of California, San Diego La Jolla California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1841-7029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sacha","family":"Moufarrej","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego La Jolla California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9319-981X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego La Jolla California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bao","family":"Luu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego La Jolla California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego La Jolla California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James S.","family":"Crook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego La Jolla California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunfei","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering University of California San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristen","family":"Linnemeyer\u2010Risser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery University of California, San Diego La Jolla California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tauhidur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering University of California San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7977-6925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip A.","family":"Weissbrod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery University of California, San Diego La Jolla California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-020-00413-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-022-10465-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-001-0113-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archoto.2010.129"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/dote\/dox131"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","article-title":"Screening for Aspiration Risk Associated with Dysphagia in Acute Stroke","volume":"10","author":"Boaden E.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jhm.2313"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2016-313356"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-022-10518-1"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.4321\/S1130-01082004000200005","article-title":"Approaching Oropharyngeal Dysphagia","volume":"96","author":"Clave P.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Revista Espa\u00f1ola de Enfermedades Digestivas"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.89"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00262760"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17549507.2013.855259"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00417898"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-015-9631-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00417897"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-04624-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-024-03863-1"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","first-page":"464","article-title":"Analysis of Sex\u2010Related Differences in Patients with Dysphagia: Using a Videofluoroscopy","volume":"24","author":"Kassem F.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Israel Medical Association Journal"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","first-page":"784","article-title":"Dysphagia in the Elderly","volume":"9","author":"Aslam M.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterology & Hepatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2011.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201804-0704PP"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29770"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2020_JSLHR-20-00171"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-005-0013-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-021-10358-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMBS.2011.6091735"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-023-10629-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2012.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-65492-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12264"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-002-0051-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-008-9198-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-0384"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-002-0085-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00009576"}],"container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lary.70012","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/lary.70012","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lary.70012","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T15:20:25Z","timestamp":1771428025000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lary.70012"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lary.70012"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.70012","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-852X","1531-4995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0023-852X","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-4995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}