{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T20:41:17Z","timestamp":1770756077722,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754870400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the natural history of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) lymphadenitis in immunocompetent children managed nonoperatively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective study including patients (&lt;\u200918\u2009years old) diagnosed with cervicofacial NTM lymphadenitis at a tertiary children's hospital between 2017 and 2023. Patients were either observed or surgically treated. Analysis focused on observation outcomes. Surgical patients were included for comparative context.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Seventy\u2010two patients were included; 45 (63%) were managed by observation\u2010only and 27 (37%) underwent surgical excision. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. Median follow\u2010up was longer in the observation group (123\u2009days [IQR: 92\u2013264]) than in the surgical group (83\u2009days [IQR: 60\u201398],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Among observed patients, median time to resolution was 168.5\u2009days (IQR: 97\u2013291). Kaplan\u2013Meier\u2010estimated cumulative resolution was 26.3% at 4 months, 42.7% at 6 months, and 82.8% at 12 months. Older age predicted faster resolution (HR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.04\u20131.42,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01), while parotid involvement predicted slower resolution (HR: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.06\u20130.72,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01). One patient in the observation group developed a keloid requiring scar revision. In the surgical group, three patients (11%) experienced marginal mandibular nerve weakness.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Observation\u2010only management of cervicofacial NTM lymphadenitis in children resulted in high rates of spontaneous resolution by 12 months with minimal morbidity. While surgical excision provided faster resolution, it carried a higher risk of facial nerve injury. Observation may be a safe, effective alternative for selected patients, potentially avoiding surgical complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>3.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.70029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T11:09:42Z","timestamp":1754910582000},"page":"977-982","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Observation\u2010Only Management of Cervicofacial Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lymphadenitis in Children"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"136","author":[{"given":"Cheyenne","family":"Roohani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head &amp; Neck Surgery University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center  Dallas Texas USA"},{"name":"Children's Health Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology  Dallas Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amanda S.","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics\u2014Infectious Disease University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center  Dallas Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1419-6019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen R.","family":"Chorney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head &amp; Neck Surgery University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center  Dallas Texas USA"},{"name":"Children's Health Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology  Dallas Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7871-4060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher C.","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head &amp; Neck Surgery University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center  Dallas Texas USA"},{"name":"Children's Health Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology  Dallas Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2018.06.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14639\/0392-100X-suppl.1-38-2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9070553"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","article-title":"Cervicofacial Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lymphadenitis in Children","volume":"59","author":"Iversen R. 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