{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T18:21:05Z","timestamp":1768242065615,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756944000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756944000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007710","name":"University of Connecticut","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Clinical Research and Innovation Seed Program"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Clinical Research and Innovation Seed Program"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n The development of an endotracheal tube (ETT) prototype to measure the pressure on the posterior glottis during intubation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Three\n ETTs<\/jats:styled-content>\n , size 6, 7, and 8\u2009mm, were modified with a piezoelectric pressure sensor. These ETTs were then used to intubate a laryngeal model. Pressures were measured at a hypopharyngeal laryngeal angle (\n HLA<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) of 90\u00b0, and the laryngeal platform was raised to create a more acute\n HLA<\/jats:styled-content>\n ranging from 90\u00b0 to 45\u00b0. These same ETTs were also used to intubate the larynx of a fresh frozen cadaver, with pressure measured with the head in neutral and flexed positions.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The pressures exerted by the 6\u2009mm\n ETT<\/jats:styled-content>\n ranged from 7.33\u2009cm\n \n H\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n O\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n at 90 degrees\n HLA<\/jats:styled-content>\n to 62.57\u2009cm\n \n H\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n O\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n at 45 degrees\n HLA<\/jats:styled-content>\n . The 7\u2009mm\n ETT<\/jats:styled-content>\n ranged from 5.42 to 451.19\u2009cm\n \n H\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n O\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n and the 8\u2009mm\n ETT<\/jats:styled-content>\n pressure ranged from 136.98 to 534.38\u2009cm\n \n H\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n O\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n , respectively. The differences were statistically significant. The cadaveric study revealed the average pressure for the 6\u2010, 7\u2010, and 8\u2010mm\n ETT<\/jats:styled-content>\n to be 2.03, 166.78, and 228.49\u2009cm\n \n H\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n O\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n , respectively, in the neutral position and 0.85, 30.37, and 158.51\u2009cm\n \n H\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n O\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n , respectively, in the flexed position. These differences were statistically significant.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Posterior laryngeal pressure monitoring can be conducted utilizing ETT\u2010based pressure sensors. Progression of this technology may help minimize laryngeal injury caused by intubation by determining which patients may be optimal candidates for early tracheostomy.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n 5<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.70113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T15:39:03Z","timestamp":1757000343000},"page":"865-871","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development of a Novel Endotracheal Tube to Measure Posterior Laryngeal Pressure"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"136","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4021-7576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denis","family":"Lafreniere","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology UConn Health Farmington Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amelia","family":"Geist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology UConn Health Farmington Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2014.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2009.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003368"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348948309200506"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29192"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489415608867"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-198403000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-013-2659-x"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"511","article-title":"Histopathology of Endotracheal Intubation. 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