{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T21:18:46Z","timestamp":1790803126762,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022\u201003339"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022\u201003339"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010799","name":"Stiftelsen Tysta Skolan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010799","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n \n One rare complication of cochlear implantation (\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) is facial nerve stimulation (\n FNS<\/jats:styled-content>\n ). The aim of the study was to analyze the location and insertion depths for electrode contacts causing\n FNS<\/jats:styled-content>\n . The anatomical variance of the human facial nerve canal (\n FNC<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) was explored to elucidate the mechanisms underlying\n FNS<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Data were collected from adults that had received a\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n from a single tertiary care center. Medical records from 307 patients were retrospectively reviewed. The Uppsala human temporal bone library was leveraged to analyze anatomical structures relevant to\n FNS<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Micro\u2010computed tomography (\n CT<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) images of temporal bones (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009246) were used for three\u2010dimensional (\n 3D<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) analyses after rendering. Data from synchrotron radiation phase\u2010contrast imaging (\n SR<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n PCI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) of 83 human temporal bones were analyzed.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Nineteen (5.8%) patients experienced\n FNS<\/jats:styled-content>\n . No statistical difference in\n FNS<\/jats:styled-content>\n rates between lateral wall (\n LW<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and peri modiolar (\n PM<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) electrodes was found (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009>\u20090.05). Electrode contacts with an angular insertion depth from 250\u00b0 to 340\u00b0 were associated with\n FNS<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Analyses of the macerated temporal bones and corrosion casts showed that the average distance between the cochlea and the\n FNC<\/jats:styled-content>\n was 0.3\u2009mm and the closest position of the\n FNC<\/jats:styled-content>\n varied from 253\u00b0 to 304\u00b0.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n The labyrinthine segment of the FN is in close proximity to the cochlea and can be affected by dehiscence. Typically, the bony partition between the FNC and the cochlea is thicker than the modiolar wall and provides insulation against electrical stimulation from nearby CI electrodes. FNS may occur from both LW and PM electrodes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n 3.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.70143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T11:35:57Z","timestamp":1758108957000},"page":"1193-1203","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cochlear Implantation and Facial Nerve Stimulation: Clinical and Anatomic Correlations"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"136","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5239-5858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karin","family":"Hallin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumit","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Western University London Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biophysics Western University London Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Western University London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanif M.","family":"Ladak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Western University London Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biophysics Western University London Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Western University London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helge","family":"Rask\u2010Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.1121"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.28632"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14670100.2024.2316452"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.70181"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s\u20100043\u20101775809"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.984"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010022\u201017732\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000001156"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000002398"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108752"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14670100.2022.2026025"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","first-page":"35","article-title":"Cochlear Implantation in Far Advanced Otosclerosis: A Surgical, Audiological and Quality of Life Review of 35 Cases in a Single Unit","volume":"7","author":"Flook E. 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