{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T08:15:18Z","timestamp":1773735318625,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761782400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of type of anesthesia on audiometric results, surgery duration, quality\u2010of\u2010life and complications associated with stapes surgery in patients with otosclerosis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Data Sources<\/jats:title>\n A comprehensive literature search was conducted in five databases, including PubMed, Embase, SCOPUS, WoS, and Google Scholar.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Review Methods<\/jats:title>\n We have identified studies comparing the outcomes of stapes surgery under local\u2010anesthesia (LA) versus general\u2010anesthesia (GA) and published up to 30 May 2025. All analyses were performed using Comprehensive\u2010Meta\u2010Analysis\u2010software and Review\u2010Manager.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Operating room occupancy was significantly lower in surgery under\n LA<\/jats:styled-content>\n than\n GA<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n MD<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009=\u2009\u221217.27\u2009min, 95% CI [\u221224.72, \u22129.83],\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001,\n I<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n \u2009=\u20090%). Moreover, stapes surgery had a significantly shorter duration under\n LA<\/jats:styled-content>\n compared to\n GA<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n MD<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009=\u2009\u22128.79, 95% CI [\u221215.69, \u22121.88],\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.01,\n I<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n \u2009=\u20090%). The meta\u2010analysis on changes in\n AC<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n BC<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n SR<\/jats:styled-content>\n thresholds, and\n ABG<\/jats:styled-content>\n showed no significant difference between patients who underwent\n LA<\/jats:styled-content>\n or\n GA<\/jats:styled-content>\n (AC: MD\u2009=\u20090.704, 95% CI [\u22123.344, 4.752],\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.733;\n BC<\/jats:styled-content>\n :\n MD<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009=\u20090.191, 95% CI [\u22122.231, 2.612],\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.877;\n SR<\/jats:styled-content>\n :\n MD<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009=\u20090.103, 95% CI [\u22123.621, 3.827],\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.957;\n ABG<\/jats:styled-content>\n :\n MD<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009=\u20090.451, 95% CI [\u22120.788, 1.689],\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.476). The meta\u2010analysis on\n ABG<\/jats:styled-content>\n closure also showed no significant difference (<\u200910\u2009\n dB<\/jats:styled-content>\n :\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009=\u20091.066, 95% CI [0.718, 1.582],\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.752; 10 to 20\u2009\n dB<\/jats:styled-content>\n :\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009=\u20091.151, 95% CI [0.778, 1.705],\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.481; >\u200920\u2009\n dB<\/jats:styled-content>\n :\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009=\u20090.833, 95% CI [0.537, 1.293],\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.416). Complications were the same for both types of anesthesia, but nausea and vomiting showed a marginally significant difference between\n LA<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n GA<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009=\u20092.578, 95% CI [0.988, 6.732],\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.053,\n I<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n \u2009=\u20090%).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Stapes surgery under\n LA<\/jats:styled-content>\n is associated with shorter surgical and operating room times while demonstrating non\u2010inferior audiometric and safety outcomes compared to\n GA<\/jats:styled-content>\n . These findings suggest that\n LA<\/jats:styled-content>\n represents a safe and efficient alternative to\n GA<\/jats:styled-content>\n for stapesplasty procedures.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n NA.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.70211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T10:46:49Z","timestamp":1761821209000},"page":"1588-1600","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["General Versus Local Anesthesia in Stapes Surgery for Otosclerosis: Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"136","author":[{"given":"Mahdi","family":"Bahrami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, Faculty of Dentistry Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran"},{"name":"Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1963-8621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reza","family":"Bayat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3974-3018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abolfazl","family":"Akbari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0458-0407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Alipour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9549-9833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammadreza","family":"Afzalzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Sinus and Surgical Endoscopic Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran"},{"name":"Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6124-9162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sina","family":"Samieirad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Sinus and Surgical Endoscopic Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad 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