{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T02:02:37Z","timestamp":1781143357551,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770249600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015629","name":"Jerome L. 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In this study, we identify a distinct subset of autoimmune LTS characterized by edema of the inferior true vocal folds that extends to the superior aspect of the cricoid cartilage, termed \u201cinfracordal stenosis.\u201d The objective of this study is to characterize the clinical presentation and treatment outcomes of infracordal stenosis and compare it to typical autoimmune\u2010related subglottic stenosis (AI\u2010SGS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective review of patients with autoimmune laryngotracheal stenosis evaluated by both rheumatology and otolaryngology at our institution to identify two groups: patients with infracordal stenosis and those with typical AI\u2010SGS. Data on immunosuppressive treatments and airway dilation procedures were collected. Time to first dilation was compared between groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 49 patients with autoimmune LTS, 11 had infracordal involvement. Six patients had isolated infracordal stenosis while five had concomitant subglottic involvement. Kaplan\u2013Meier analysis showed longer time to first dilation in patients with infracordal involvement (median 792 vs. 44\u2009days;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.048). Four out of six patients with isolated infracordal stenosis required no dilations during their entire follow\u2010up period.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among autoimmune LTS patients referred to rheumatology, those with infracordal involvement experienced longer time to first dilation compared to those with typical AI\u2010SGS. These findings suggest that infracordal stenosis may represent a distinct, glucocorticoid\u2010responsive phenotype within autoimmune laryngotracheal stenosis, with implications for treatment selection and multidisciplinary care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>4.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.70418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T07:18:59Z","timestamp":1770362339000},"page":"3059-3066","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Infracordal Stenosis: A Glucocorticoid\u2010Responsive Subtype of Autoimmune Laryngotracheal Stenosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"136","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1911-8120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brendan","family":"Denvir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4590-4455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bridget","family":"Burgess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9255-7265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin","family":"Motz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8699-033X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon R. A.","family":"Best","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8925-0545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lee M.","family":"Akst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brendan","family":"Antiochos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8471-5449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander T.","family":"Hillel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore Maryland 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