{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T02:02:50Z","timestamp":1781143370107,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]],"date-time":"2026-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]],"date-time":"2026-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771718400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R25\u2010DC021791"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R25\u2010DC021791"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1K08AG090629\u201001A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1K08AG090629\u201001A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Advanced Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with impaired voice, oropharyngeal dysphagia, and aspiration pneumonia. Vocal fold atrophy is hypothesized to contribute to these changes. While vocal fold atrophy is observed in AD, advanced age is co\u2010prevalent and a confounding variable. The apolipoprotein E4 knock\u2010in (ApoE4\u2010KI) rat model is commonly used to study cognitive and motor changes in AD. This study aims to compare vocal fold atrophy in adult AD rats vs. age\u2010matched controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Vocal folds were visualized endoscopically in 4\u2010month ApoE4\u2010KI rats (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200912) and age\u2010matched controls (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20098) following anesthesia. The thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle was collected for histology. Vocal fold bowing index (BI) was calculated from endoscopic still images by two blinded reviewers using digital software. Digital myofiber analysis was used to calculate TA myofiber average cross\u2010sectional area (CSA) and minimum Feret diameter (MFD).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mean BI was significantly higher in AD rats compared to controls (10.7\u2009\u00b1\u20092.9 vs. 6.4\u2009\u00b1\u20092.6, difference 4.3 with 95% CI 1.6\u20136.9,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). TA myofiber average CSA and MFD were significantly higher in AD rats compared to controls (average CSA (\u03bcm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), 586.3\u2009\u00b1\u200976.9 vs. 435.8\u2009\u00b1\u200949.4, difference 150.5 with 95% CI 91.2\u2013209.9,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01; MFD (\u03bcm), 23.0\u2009\u00b1\u20091.1 vs. 19.8\u2009\u00b1\u20091.3, difference 3.2 with 95% CI 2.0\u20134.4,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Non\u2010aged AD rats had significantly higher BI and TA myofiber size than controls. BI was strongly correlated with histologic metrics. These findings suggest that AD may lead to greater vocal fold atrophy in non\u2010aged animals. Additional studies are needed to determine the mechanism(s) for vocal fold atrophy in this model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>N\/A.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.70433","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T03:47:54Z","timestamp":1771818474000},"page":"3027-3033","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Vocal Fold Atrophy in an Alzheimer's Disease Rat Model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"136","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6833-5072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen","family":"Leong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head &amp; Neck Surgery University of Washington School of Medicine  Seattle WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carson S.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head &amp; Neck Surgery University of Washington School of Medicine  Seattle WA USA"},{"name":"University of Washington School of Medicine  Seattle WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guzal","family":"Shukur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head &amp; Neck Surgery University of Washington School of Medicine  Seattle WA USA"},{"name":"University of Washington School of Medicine  Seattle WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaroug","family":"Jaleel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head &amp; Neck Surgery University of Washington School of Medicine  Seattle WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahdi","family":"Al\u2010Ghezi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head &amp; Neck Surgery University of Washington School of Medicine  Seattle WA USA"},{"name":"University of Washington School of Medicine  Seattle WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Perkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head &amp; Neck Surgery University of Washington School of Medicine  Seattle WA USA"},{"name":"Department of Biology University of Washington  Seattle WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8933-5477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neel K.","family":"Bhatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head &amp; Neck Surgery University of Washington School of Medicine  Seattle WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.70235"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1980\u20105764\u2010DN\u20102021\u20100073"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0213825"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2012.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000052811"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2015.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0026\u20100495(03)00300\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s0004\u2010282x2010000600005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD\u20102010\u20101316"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12553"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.70264"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.31579"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.30394"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.1071"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.32212"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.31026"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.31942"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00710"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2009.240"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000109498"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD\u2010220700"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.617588"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/780179"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13388"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","first-page":"249","article-title":"Beta Amyloid Is Focally Deposited Within the Outer Basement Membrane in the Amyloid Angiopathy of Alzheimer's Disease. 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