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Exosomes from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) present a potential therapeutic for aspiration pneumonia. This study aimed to assess the potential of MSC exosomes to mitigate lung inflammation in a murine aspiration model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Seventeen adult male rats were divided into three groups: Animals in the LPS\u2010EXO group (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20097) underwent intratracheal instillation of 2.5\u2009mg\/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) aspirate and 40\u2009\u03bcL of MSC exosome therapeutic intravenously. The LPS\u2010only group (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20097) underwent LPS aspiration alone without exosome therapy. Three rats underwent instillation of air as sham controls. All animals were euthanized 6\u2009h post instillation. Histopathologic lung injury severity was determined and gene expression of pro and anti\u2010inflammatory cytokines was evaluated using quantitative real\u2010time reverse transcription\u2010polymerase chain reaction (qRT\u2010PCR).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean composite histologic lung injury score was 8.3 (\u00b11.1) for the LPS\u2010only group, 7.13 (\u00b13.2) for the LPS\u2010EXO treatment group, and 3.3 (\u00b11.1) for the sham control group. One\u2010way ANOVA showed a significant group effect (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02), and trend analysis revealed a significant linear improvement across groups (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.006;\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.43). qRT\u2010PCR showed significantly lower\n                      <jats:italic>Tnf<\/jats:italic>\n                      expression in the LPS\u2010EXO group versus the LPS\u2010only group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). No other significant differences were found between the LPS\u2010EXO and LPS\u2010only groups on qRT\u2010PCR.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Results of this preliminary investigation suggest that intravenous delivery of MSC exosomes reduces expression levels of proinflammatory cytokine\n                      <jats:italic>Tnf<\/jats:italic>\n                      and attenuates histopathological markers of lung injury in a murine model of aspiration\u2010induced lung damage.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NA.<\/jats:p>\n                  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