{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T02:08:55Z","timestamp":1783908535613,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771977600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 111\u20102314\u2010B\u2010002\u2010193\u2010MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 111\u20102314\u2010B\u2010002\u2010193\u2010MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 113\u20102314\u2010B\u2010002\u2010085\u2010MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 113\u20102314\u2010B\u2010002\u2010085\u2010MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008904","name":"Taipei Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202510"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202510"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008904","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005762","name":"National Taiwan University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["114\u2010SS0076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["114\u2010SS0076"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005762","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective, population\u2010based study investigated the influence of parental income on long\u2010term outcomes in pediatric tracheostomy in Taiwan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified all inpatients who were aged &lt;\u200918\u2009years and received tracheostomy between 2000 and 2014 from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) and followed them until 2019. Parental income was determined by the monthly income of the primary caregiver in the year of the child's tracheostomy and was classified into low, middle, and high income groups based on year\u2010specific income distributions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 2031 children who were identified (mean age, 8.8\u2009years; 64% boys), 707, and 615, and 709 were assigned to low\u2010, middle\u2010, and high\u2010income groups, respectively. Children in the low\u2010income group had significantly higher rates of in\u2010hospital death (24.2% vs. 5.1%), 1\u2010year mortality (42.2% vs. 9.6%), 5\u2010year mortality (68.0% vs. 19.6%), and overall mortality (77.5% vs. 29.8%) compared with those in the high\u2010income group (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Multivariable analysis results indicated that children in the low\u2010income group had significantly higher rates of in\u2010hospital death (hazard ratio [HR]\u2009=\u20096.38), 1\u2010year mortality (HR\u2009=\u20095.28), 5\u2010year mortality (HR\u2009=\u20094.99), and overall mortality (HR\u2009=\u20094.48) compared with those in the high\u2010income group. Length of hospital stay and readmission rate did not differ significantly between the income groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lower parental income was associated with increased risks of in\u2010hospital, 1\u2010year, 5\u2010year, and overall mortality in Taiwanese children undergoing tracheostomy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>3<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.70461","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T21:41:40Z","timestamp":1773006100000},"page":"3610-3619","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Parental Income and Long\u2010Term Survival in Pediatric Tracheostomy: A Population\u2010Based Study in Taiwan"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"136","author":[{"given":"Chia\u2010Hsuan","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology and Sleep Center Taipei Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare  New Taipei City Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Oral Hygiene Hsin Sheng Junior College of Medical Care and Management  Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Che\u2010Yi","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology National Taiwan University Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Center of Sleep Disorder National Taiwan University Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4421-9261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kun\u2010Tai","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology and Sleep Center Taipei Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare  New Taipei City Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology National Taiwan University Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Health Policy and Management National Taiwan University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8583-8459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei\u2010Chung","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology National Taiwan University Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Center of Sleep Disorder National Taiwan University Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, College of Medicine National Taiwan University  Taipei 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