{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T17:47:50Z","timestamp":1786470470422,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776211200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bell's palsy impairs social functioning. Conventional prognostic assessment relies on clinical grading and electroneurography (ENoG), but predictive accuracy remains limited. This study introduces a time\u2010continuous probabilistic approach that integrates longitudinal Yanagihara scores and ENoG to enable dynamic, individualized prognostic estimation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective longitudinal study of patients with Bell's palsy treated between April 2013 and March 2024. Eligible patients were aged \u2265\u200915\u2009years, hospitalized within 1\u2009week of onset, and received high\u2010dose corticosteroids. Exclusion criteria included other etiologies, prior facial palsy, facial nerve decompression, treatment discontinuation, or incomplete data. Recovery was defined as a Yanagihara score\u2009\u2265\u200936, and nonrecovery as failure to achieve this within \u2265\u20096\u2009months. ENoG values obtained within 4\u2009weeks of onset were stratified into five groups. Multivariable logistic regression was performed using ENoG, sex, age, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, body mass index, and HbA1C as covariates. Logistic curves were fitted to longitudinal scores, and Monte Carlo\/Bayesian procedures were applied to generate recovery probability maps.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 128 eligible patients, ENoG emerged as the only significant predictor of recovery. The probability maps provided a novel visualization of individualized prognosis at any time point. This method estimated recovery likelihood even in patients with follow\u2010up intervals, addressing irregular limitations of prior fixed\u2010timepoint models. Conditional mutual information plateaued around 50\u2009days, indicating stabilization of predictive discrimination beyond that period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Incorporating longitudinal Yanagihara scores obtained during outpatient follow\u2010up enhances recovery prediction accuracy. This practical, dynamic approach facilitates intuitive risk visualization and supports improved prognostic counseling in clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>3.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.70562","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T04:25:17Z","timestamp":1776313517000},"page":"4015-4024","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Time\u2010Continuous Prognostic Mapping of Bell's Palsy Using Yanagihara Scores and Electroneurography"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"136","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2152-1352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shogo N.","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Takeda General Hospital  Aizuwakamatsu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shumpei","family":"Hisamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meiji Institute for Advanced Study of Mathematical Sciences Meiji University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuo","family":"Yasuhara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Teikyo University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Kondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9056-9900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hironobu","family":"Nishijima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.1978.88.5.787"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000000468"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-05949-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0385-8146(99)00049-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.23560"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.23210"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/mao.0b013e31815c2aa0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1988.01860150104024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e31822558de"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.23988"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-199207000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019459988309100316"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489409128320"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000000233"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","first-page":"494","article-title":"Prognostic Value of Electrical Tests in Acute Facial Paralysis","volume":"5","author":"Fisch U.","year":"1984","journal-title":"American Journal of Otology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21228652"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2019.4312"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000005898"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.13571"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1298\/ptr.E10000"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/74.4.491"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7874\/jao.2016.20.1.8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/01945998211004169"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","article-title":"Bell's Palsy","volume":"2014","author":"Holland N. J.","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ Clinical Evidence"}],"container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lary.70562","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/lary.70562","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lary.70562","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T17:22:47Z","timestamp":1786468967000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lary.70562"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lary.70562"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.70562","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-852X","1531-4995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0023-852X","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-4995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-01","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}