{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T17:47:48Z","timestamp":1786470468735,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776211200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIH NHLBI R01HL157039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH NHLBI R01HL157039"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015979","name":"Pelotonia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015979","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vascularization remains a major barrier to the clinical translation of airway replacement. We previously demonstrated that engineered tracheal scaffolds support neovascularization, although restoration of microvascular perfusion is delayed in part due to a reduction in capillary branching. Endothelial hydrogels (EH) have demonstrated the potential to enhance vascular regeneration in several domains of tissue engineering, yet their application in airway replacement has not been fully evaluated. In this study, we assessed the impact of EH on microvascular regeneration and perfusion in tracheal scaffolds.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tracheal scaffolds were fabricated from C57BL\/6J mice. EH were formulated with endothelial cells (EC) from human or mouse lineages and collagen, then applied to tracheal scaffolds. EH\u2010scaffolds were cultured ex\u00a0vivo for 7\u2009days and stained with CD31, DAPI, lectin\u2010FITC, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The optimal EH composition was evaluated in\u00a0vivo using orthotopic tracheal transplantation. At 1\u2010month, microvascular regeneration was quantified, patterning was assessed via Sholl analysis, and perfusion was quantified using lectin\u2010FITC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      EH supported EC attachment on tracheal scaffolds. The ideal EH composition for maximal EC coverage was 3.6\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                      <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                      cells\/cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      and 1.25\u2009mg\/mL collagen. EC expressed VEGF and formed microvascular networks on tracheal scaffold ex\u00a0vivo. EH\u2010scaffolds were successfully implanted without signs of respiratory distress or obstruction. Compared to control, EH\u2010scaffolds improved graft perfusion and microvascular patterning in tissue engineered trachea.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>EH enhances microvascular regeneration and perfusion of engineered tracheal scaffolds in\u00a0vivo, thus supporting the potential of EH as a strategy to accelerate vascular regeneration in airway reconstruction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>N\/A.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.70564","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T04:40:38Z","timestamp":1776314438000},"page":"3895-3906","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Endothelial Hydrogels Improve Microvascular Regeneration and Perfusion in Tracheal Scaffolds"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"136","author":[{"given":"Molly O.","family":"Hunter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ohio State University College of Medicine  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9849-6881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lumei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Nationwide Children's Hospital  Columbus Ohio USA"},{"name":"Center for Regenerative Medicine Nationwide Children's Hospital  Columbus Ohio 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