{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T17:48:15Z","timestamp":1786470495598,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776816000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003819","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024AFB574"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024AFB574"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003819","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To define the bacteriological characteristics of otitis media with effusion (OME) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients following radiotherapy and determine whether bacterial colonization in the middle ear was associated with a higher risk of early recurrence of radiation\u2010induced OME (RI\u2010OME).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective multicenter cohort enrolled patients with OME (with or without a history of radiotherapy for NPC) undergoing tympanocentesis. Middle ear effusion (MEE) samples were cultured and patients with RI\u2010OME were followed up for 24\u2009weeks. Data on demographics, radiotherapy history, treatment, comorbidities, and effusion characteristics were collected. Recurrence patterns were characterized descriptively throughout the 24\u2010week post\u2010tympanocentesis follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 93 RI\u2010OME patients and 115 non\u2010radiation\u2010induced (NRI)\u2010OME patients were included. RI\u2010OME patients had a 4.843\u2010fold higher risk of MEE bacterial culture positivity compared to NRI\u2010OME patients (OR\u2009=\u20094.843,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.006). MEE cultures in RI\u2010OME patients showed higher proportions of opportunistic pathogens and drug\u2010resistant bacteria. Mucoid effusion was a significant risk factor for bacterial positivity in RI\u2010OME (OR\u2009=\u20098.553,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002). Male sex (OR\u2009=\u200912.120,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002) and bacterial colonization (OR\u2009=\u200910.239,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.035) were associated with early recurrence (\u2264\u20094\u2009weeks post\u2010tympanocentesis) in RI\u2010OME patients; however, neither factor remained an independent predictor over the full 24\u2010week period.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RI\u2010OME patients demonstrated significantly higher MEE bacterial culture positivity rates than NRI\u2010OME patients. Although MEE bacterial colonization significantly impacted early recurrence, it lacked independent prognostic value for overall 24\u2010week recurrence. Thus, whether targeted antibacterial therapy can reduce recurrence rates warrants further investigation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>3.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.70576","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T04:40:16Z","timestamp":1776919216000},"page":"4025-4032","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Middle Ear Bacterial Colonization and Recurrence of Radiation\u2010Induced\n                    <scp>OME<\/scp>\n                    : A Prospective Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"136","author":[{"given":"Minjun","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat\u2010Sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minjian","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat\u2010Sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan Hubei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingwen","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenshan Medical Center of Sun Yat\u2010Sen Memorial Hospital  Shanwei Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuxuan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat\u2010Sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuejia","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat\u2010Sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3733-8083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences Southern Medical University  Guangzhou Guangdong 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