{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T17:47:58Z","timestamp":1786470478722,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777507200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Following cleft palate repair, early detection of maladaptive compensatory mechanisms and hypernasality may determine the need for additional intervention. Our goal is to understand if primary language influences rates of subsequent intervention among children with cleft palate in the United States.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Within a single urban cleft team, patients with a history of palate repair evaluated at least 2\u2009years postoperatively were analyzed using Fisher's exact test.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There were 124 patients representing 6 languages: 101 English, 9 Spanish, and 14 other (Vietnamese, Haitian Creole, Portuguese, and Tamil). Some patients were repaired elsewhere and presented to our clinic secondarily for evaluation. Among English and non\u2010English speaking children, similar rates of symptomatic and asymptomatic postoperative fistula (17.8% vs. 17.4%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091.00), hypernasality and\/or audible nasal emissions (ANEs) (44.6% vs. 30.4%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.25), persistent hypernasality\/ANE after speech therapy (ST) (22.8% vs. 13.0%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.40), and revision surgery (33.7% vs. 17.4%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.14) were observed. However, higher rates of hypernasality\/ANE (45.5% vs. 14.3%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04), persistent hypernasality\/ANE after ST (23.6% vs. 0.0%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04), and revision surgery (33.6% vs. 7.1%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.06) were noted among English and Spanish speakers. [Correction added on 08 May 2026, after first online publication: The preceding sentence has been revised in this version.]\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Within a single urban practice in the United States, lower rates of hypernasality and revision surgery were observed among non\u2010English and non\u2010Spanish speaking patients. Such findings may suggest disparities in resources available for detecting speech abnormalities in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>3.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.70597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T03:49:48Z","timestamp":1777607388000},"page":"4049-4055","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Primary Language Spoken at Home and Speech Outcomes Among Children With Cleft Palate"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"136","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6495-7205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda E.","family":"Du","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tufts University School of Medicine  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivia","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tufts University School of Medicine  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Mastacouris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery Tufts Medical Center  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig W.","family":"Hanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery Tufts Medical Center  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0856-3396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew R.","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery Tufts Medical Center  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head &amp; Neck Surgery Mass Eye and Ear  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1333883"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.1589"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10556656241227033"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Puente Espel J.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2014.10.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-0358.57203"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000000548"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1359104503008001003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2022_LSHSS-22-00071"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000006465"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","unstructured":"U.S. Census Bureau \u201cLanguage Spoken at Home Table\u00a0S1601 American Community Survey 1\u2010Year Estimates \u201d2022 https:\/\/data.census.gov\/table\/ACSST1Y2022.S1601?text=Language&t=Language%20Spoken%20at%20Home."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2015.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1055665618767116"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02844310050159792"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000008645"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2025.112676"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","article-title":"Race, Income, and the Timeliness of Cleft Palate Repair in the United States","volume":"13","author":"Harb J. 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